Abstract: A demolition agent for brittle materials in the form of a powder mixture comprising 100 parts by weight of quicklime, 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of a carbonate and either or both of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid or its salt and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a fluidization agent. This demolition agent is used by admixing with water to obtain an aqueous slurry, pouring the slurry into a hole drilled in a brittle material and allowing it to stand to demolish the brittle material by means of expansive pressure from the slurry.

Abstract: A process for preparing a defoaming agent for the manufacture of bean curd which comprises blending glycerol fatty acid esters containing not less than ca. 90% of glycerol fatty acid monoester(s) with additives, then melting the resulting mixture, then granulating the resultant, and then selecting the granules, the size of which is not less than 300 .mu.m by sieving.

Abstract: A novel process for the amidation or esterification which comprises reacting a compound having a carboxy group with a compound having an amino or imino group which can be acylated or with a compound having a hydroxy group in the presence of a sulfonic acid ester of the formula:R.sub.1 --SO.sub.2 --OR.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 is an organic group and R.sub.2 O-- is a residue of a strongly acidic N-hydroxy compound as a condensation agent, and a novel sulfonic acid ester useful as such a condensation agent and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Novel carbonic acid esters are disclosed which are useful in a process for introducing esterified carboxy-type protective groups on amino and/or imino groups in amino and/or imino group - containing compounds for the temporary protection of said amino and/or imino groups. Additionally, processes for preparing said esters are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel carbonic acid esters are disclosed which are useful in a process for introducing esterified carboxy-type protective groups on amino and/or imino groups in amino and/or imino group - containing compounds for the temporary protection of said amino and/or imino groups. Additionally, processes for preparing said esters are also disclosed.

Abstract: Carbonic acid esters of the formula substituent(s) substituents(s)R'.sub.1 OCOOR'.sub.2wherein R'.sub.1 is lower alkyl which may have substituent)s) selected from the group of halogen, lower alkoxy and aryloxy, or ar(lower)-alkyl which may have substituents)s) selected from the group of lower alkoxy, halogen, nitro and cyano, andR'.sub.2 is benzotriazolyl which may have halogen; or a group represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Y' and Z' are each cyano, nitro, carbamoyl, esterified carboxy, lower alkanoyl, aroyl or disubstituted carbamoyl; provided that whenR'.sub.2 is a group represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein Y' and Z' are each cyano, nitro, carbamoyl or esterified carboxy, R'.sub.1 is ar(lower) alkyl having substituent(s) selected from the group of lower alkoxy, halogen, nitro and cyano.A process for the protection of amino and/or imino groups in compounds containing them by reacting them with the aforementioned esters is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for esterifying organic carboxylic acids which comprises reacting an organic carboxylic acid with a carbonic acid ester of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein R is an organic group and X and Y are each a negative group in the presence of a basic substance to make esterified the carboxyl group in the organic carboxylic acid. The process is advantageous in affording the objective carboxylic ester in a good yield within a short time by a simple operation under a mild reaction condition.

Abstract: Novel carbonic acid esters are disclosed which are useful in a process for introducing esterified carboxy-type protective groups on amino and/or imino groups in amino and/or imino group-containing compounds for the temporary protection of said amino and/or imino groups. Additionally, processes for preparing said esters are also disclosed. .Iadd.