Abstract: A complex (10) includes a liquid crystal component (13) and a support (11, 12) of the liquid crystal component (13), in which a lubricating interface derivation region (16) is formed between the liquid crystal component (13) and the support (11, 12). An optical element includes a pair of substrates (11, 12) having electrodes (18, 19) on at least one substrate (11), and a liquid crystal component (13) with which a space between the pair of substrates (11, 12) is filled, in which a lubricating interface derivation region (16) is formed between the pair of substrates (11, 12) and the liquid crystal component (13). It is preferable that the lubricating interface deriving agent (14) is present in the lubricating interface derivation region.

Abstract: A complex (10) includes a liquid crystal component (13) and a support (11, 12) of the liquid crystal component (13), in which a lubricating interface derivation region (16) is formed between the liquid crystal component (13) and the support (11, 12). An optical element includes a pair of substrates (11, 12) having electrodes (18, 19) on at least one substrate (11), and a liquid crystal component (13) with which a space between the pair of substrates (11, 12) is filled, in which a lubricating interface derivation region (16) is formed between the pair of substrates (11, 12) and the liquid crystal component (13). It is preferable that the lubricating interface deriving agent (14) is present in the lubricating interface derivation region.

Abstract: A service processing apparatus that is realized by a computer is provided. A service ID generating/adding component of the service processing apparatus generates a service ID including a call origin ID and a call destination ID, in each of which an ID element is set, and adds the generated service ID to a service request transmitted when no upper service processing apparatus to the own apparatus exists, and, when an upper service processing apparatus to the own apparatus exists, generates a service ID including a call origin ID in which is set an ID element set as the call destination ID in a service ID added to a service request received from the upper service processing apparatus and a call destination ID in which is set an ID element and adds the generated service ID to the service request.

Abstract: A service processing apparatus that is realized by a computer is provided. The apparatus forms a service processing system, and transmits and receives information, with at least one other service processing apparatus. The apparatus performs processing to execute at least a service other than services for which processing is complete and that are not idempotent among at least one service corresponding to the services for which re-execution is requested, when re-execution is requested for a service for which execution has been previously requested by receipt of a service request to which the same service ID is added as to a previously received service request, and transmits a response to a transmission origin of the service request, when the processing to execute is completed.

Abstract: A service processing apparatus that is realized by a computer is provided. The apparatus forms a service processing system, and transmits and receives information, with at least one other service processing apparatus. The apparatus performs processing to execute at least a service other than services for which processing is complete and that are not idempotent among at least one service corresponding to the services for which re-execution is requested, when re-execution is requested for a service for which execution has been previously requested by receipt of a service request to which the same service ID is added as to a previously received service request, and transmits a response to a transmission origin of the service request, when the processing to execute is completed.

Abstract: A service processing apparatus that is realized by a computer is provided. A service ID generating/adding component of the service processing apparatus generates a service ID including a call origin ID and a call destination ID, in each of which an ID element is set, and adds the generated service ID to a service request transmitted when no upper service processing apparatus to the own apparatus exists, and, when an upper service processing apparatus to the own apparatus exists, generates a service ID including a call origin ID in which is set an ID element set as the call destination ID in a service ID added to a service request received from the upper service processing apparatus and a call destination ID in which is set an ID element and adds the generated service ID to the service request.