Abstract: A method for controlling the evaporation of the liquid ingredients contained in the container by changing the composition of the glassware and glassware. Containing of the oxides effective for far-infrared radiation as the constituents in the glassware composed mainly by silica in following by contacting the liquids ingredients contained in the container with their glassware, controls the evaporation of liquids ingredients. The 5-40 mass % of the oxides effective for far-infrared radiation such as transparent oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, etc., or the 1-10 mass % of oxides of either transition metal oxides such as iron oxide, cobalt oxide, etc. or rare earth oxides such as neodymium oxide, cerium oxide, etc. for coloring, may be contained in said glassware.

Abstract: To provide a method and an apparatus for reforming a hydrocarbon with a prolonged life of an oxygen-permeable membrane and a high recovery rate. The oxygen-permeable membrane absorbs the free energy change, ?G, of a partial oxidation reforming reaction and then converts it into work for oxygen isolation and Joule heat, Q. Here, as seen in Table 1 and FIG. 1, ?G of the partial oxidation reforming reaction is approximately ten times larger than ?H, and further increases as the temperature increases. The generated Joule heat, Q, has to be removed at a high efficiency, and this removal process is achieved by returning a portion of the Joule heat to the system as the entropy change, T?S, of the partial oxidation reaction itself and by steam reforming using the total energy change, ?H.

Abstract: [Objects] To provide a method and an apparatus for reforming a hydrocarbon with a prolonged life of an oxygen-permeable membrane and a high recovery rate. [Solutions] The oxygen-permeable membrane absorbs the free energy change, ?G, of a partial oxidation reforming reaction and then converts it into work for oxygen isolation and Joule heat, Q. Here, as seen in Table 1 and FIG. 1, ?G of the partial oxidation reforming reaction is approximately ten times larger than ?H, and further increases as the temperature increases. The generated Joule heat, Q, has to be removed at a high efficiency, and this removal process is achieved by returning a portion of the Joule heat to the system as the entropy change, T?S, of the partial oxidation reaction itself and by steam reforming using the total energy change, ?H.

Abstract: It is a composite-type mixed oxygen ion and electronic conductor, in which an oxygen ion conductive phase consists of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC), an electronic conductive phase consists of spinel-type ferrite (CFO), the particle diameters of both phases are 1 ?m or less, respectively, both phases are uniformly mixed mutually, and both phases form respective conductive networks. Both phases have low solid solubility mutually, chemical reactions are not easily caused between both phases, and even if chemical reactions are caused between both phases, different phase to disturb mixed conductivity is not formed. And it has high oxygen permeability, and does not easily cause aged deterioration.

Abstract: It is a composite-type mixed oxygen ion and electronic conductor, in which an oxygen ion conductive phase consists of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC), an electronic conductive phase consists of spinel-type ferrite (CFO), the particle diameters of both phases are 1 ?m or less, respectively, both phases are uniformly mixed mutually, and both phases form respective conductive networks. Both phases have low solid solubility mutually, chemical reactions are not easily caused between both phases, and even if chemical reactions are caused between both phases, different phase to disturb mixed conductivity is not formed. And it has high oxygen permeability, and does not easily cause aged deterioration.

Abstract: It is a composite-type mixed oxygen ion and electronic conductor, in which an oxygen ion conductive phase consists of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC), an electronic conductive phase consists of spinel-type ferrite (CFO), the particle diameters of both phases are 1 ?m or less, respectively, both phases are uniformly mixed mutually, and both phases form respective conductive networks. Both phases have low solid solubility mutually, chemical reactions are not easily caused between both phases, and even if chemical reactions are caused between both phases, different phase to disturb mixed conductivity is not formed. And it has high oxygen permeability, and does not easily cause aged deterioration.

Abstract: A technology for refining the crystal grains of alloy whose main constituents are elements exhibiting weak affinity with hydrogen. With respect to the alloy whose main constituents are elements exhibiting weak affinity with hydrogen in which an element exhibiting strong affinity with hydrogen is contained, resulting from attaining of presence of an element exhibiting strong affinity with hydrogen in an alloy whose main constituents are elements exhibiting weak affinity with hydrogen, any crystal grains of the alloy can be super-atomized by subjecting the alloy to heat treatment involving hydrogen absorption and release, thereby realizing super-high strength thereof. Thus, the properties of the alloy can be improved and enhanced.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen storage metal alloys having a body-centered cubic structure-type main phase enabling the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen is provided which comprises the steps of: (1) melting a starting alloy brought to a predetermined element ratio to form a uniform heat (melting step), (2) keeping the homogenized alloy heat at a temperature within a range just below the melting point of the alloy for a predetermined time (heat treatment), and (3) rapidly cooling the alloy after the heat treatment (quenching step).

Abstract: A method for absorbing and releasing hydrogen comprises applying repeatedly hydrogen pressurization and depressurization to a hydrogen storage metal alloy of a body-centered cubic structure-type phase exerting a two-stage or inclined plateau characteristic in a hydrogen storage amount vs hydrogen pressure relation in an appropriate fashion to absorb and release hydrogen. At least at one stage during the release of hydrogen, the temperature (T2) of the above-mentioned hydrogen storage metal alloy is made higher than the temperature (T1) of the hydrogen storage metal alloy during the hydrogen absorption process (T2>T1). This enables the release and utilization of occluded hydrogen at a low-pressure plateau region or an inclined plateau lower region.

Abstract: It is a composite-type mixed oxygen ion and electronic conductor, in which an oxygen ion conductive phase consists of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC), an electronic conductive phase consists of spinel-type ferrite (CFO), the particle diameters of both phases are 1 ?m or less, respectively, both phases are uniformly mixed mutually, and both phases form respective conductive networks. Both phases have low solid solubility mutually, chemical reactions are not easily caused between both phases, and even if chemical reactions are caused between both phases, different phase to disturb mixed conductivity is not formed. And it has high oxygen permeability, and does not easily cause aged deterioration.

Abstract: A method for absorbing and releasing hydrogen comprises applying repeatedly hydrogen pressurization and depressurization to a hydrogen storage metal alloy of a body-centered cubic structure-type phase exerting a two-stage or inclined plateau characteristic in a hydrogen storage amount vs hydrogen pressure relation in an appropriate fashion to absorb and release hydrogen. At least at one stage during the release of hydrogen, the temperature (T2) of the above-mentioned hydrogen storage metal alloy is made higher than the temperature (T1) of the hydrogen storage metal alloy during the hydrogen absorption process (T2>T1). This enables the release and utilization of occluded hydrogen at a low-pressure plateau region or an inclined plateau lower region.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen storage metal alloys having a body-centered cubic structure-type main phase enabling the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen is provided which comprises the steps of: (1) melting a starting alloy brought to a predetermined element ratio to form a uniform heat (melting step), (2) keeping the homogenized alloy heat at a temperature within a range just below the melting point of the alloy for a predetermined time (heat treatment), and (3) rapidly cooling the alloy after the heat treatment (quenching step).

Abstract: A method for absorbing and releasing hydrogen comprises applying repeatedly hydrogen pressurization and depressurization to a hydrogen storage metal alloy of a body-centered cubic structure-type phase exerting a two-stage or inclined plateau characteristic in a hydrogen storage amount vs hydrogen pressure relation in an appropriate fashion to absorb and release hydrogen. At least at one stage during the release of hydrogen, the temperature (T2) of the above-mentioned hydrogen storage metal alloy is made higher than the temperature (T1) of the hydrogen storage metal alloy during the hydrogen absorption process (T2>T1). This enables the release and utilization of occluded hydrogen at a low-pressure plateau region or an inclined plateau lower region.

Abstract: In the present invention, an alloy temperature of a hydrogen storage alloy in the final stage of a hydrogen desorption process (T2) is made to a temperature higher than an alloy temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy in the initial stage of the hydrogen desorption process (T1) (T2>T1) and the alloy temperature in the final stage (T2) is controlled to a temperature where a hydrogen pressure at a boundary point between a plateau region of a PCT curve and an inclined region adjacent thereto is 0.08 MPa or more.

Abstract: According to the invention, hydrogen absorbed in a PCT curve low pressure region not desorbed and utilized so far can be desorbed easily by controlling a hydrogen storage alloy temperature in the final stage of a hydrogen desorption process (T2) to a temperature higher than the hydrogen storage alloy temperature in the hydrogen absorption process (T0) and a hydrogen storage alloy temperature in the initial stage of the hydrogen desorption process (T1) (T2>T1≧T0).

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy having a body-centered cubic structure phase capable of storing and releasing hydrogen as its main phase, and a composition of the general composition formula: Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)Mb, wherein M is at least one element of Mo and W; and 20≦a(at %)≦80 and 0≦b (at %)<5.

Abstract: A process for preparing a hydrogen storage alloy having as the main phase a body-centered cubic structure phase capable of absorbing, storing and releasing hydrogen, which comprises steps: a melting step of melting and homogenizing an alloy having a prescribed element ratio; a heat treatment step of retaining the homogenized alloy at a temperature (T) just under the melting point (Tm) of the alloy for a prescribed period of time; and a quenching step of rapidly cooling the heat-treated alloy.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy having a body-centered cubic structure phase capable of storing and releasing hydrogen as its main phase, and a composition of the general composition formula: Ti(100-a-0 4b)Cr(a-0.6b)V(b-c)Mc, wherein 20≦a (at %)≦80, 0≦b (at %)≦10, and 0≦c (at %)<5; and M is at least one element of Mo and W.

Abstract: The PTC thermistor material of the invention comprises a matrix phase and electrically conductive phases substantially uniformly dispersed in the matrix phase, said conductive phases having a resistivity lower than that of the matrix phase, and has a resistivity changing sharply in the vicinity of the melting point of the conductive phases. The matrix phase is made up of any one of a polycrystalline ceramic material, a glass-polycrystalline ceramic composite material, a glass, a crystallized glass, and a polymer material, and the conductive phases are made up of a metal containing bismuth as a main component. It is thus possible to achieve a PTC thermistor material which can be controlled in terms of various properties such as the temperature at which PTCR property becomes available and the rate of resistivity change and so can be applied to circuit parts through which large currents pass in a normal operation state.

Abstract: A rocket engine combustion chamber is defined by a generally cylindrical member comprising a metal matrix and heat insulating particles wherein the particles are distributed in the matrix such that the amount of particles gradually decreases in a radial direction from the inner surface to the outer surface of the member. Such a member is manufactured by controlled composite electroplating.