Abstract: An active-type display device includes a plurality of video signal lines that are formed on a substrate, a plurality of pixels that are connected to the video signal lines and are operated by current signals, and a video signal driver that supplies video currents to the pixels via the video signal lines on the basis of data signals that are supplied from an external circuit. The video signal driver includes a plurality of DA units that sum up at least one of a plurality of gray-level reference currents, which are stored in constant current memory circuits, on the basis of the data signals, thereby executing conversion to the video current.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus including a driver having an active element, an electrode structure mainly applying an electric field which is substantially parallel to a substrate surface to a liquid crystal layer, and at least a part of a portion of a signal wiring which opposes the liquid crystal layer transmits a video signal to the active element and is covered by a conductive material via an insulator. The conductive material is electrically connected with a common electrode as one of electrodes of the electrode structure.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer between the substrates, an orientation film a scanning signal electrode, an image signal electrode, a pixel electrode and an active device. Each of the electrodes is arranged so as to apply an electric field, mainly parallel to the substrates. At least one of the electrodes is disposed between at least two dielectric layers disposed above and below the at least one of the electrodes. The resistivity of the liquid crystal layer is set at a value sufficient to substantially prevent disturbance of the orientation of the liquid crystal layer due to static electricity.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer, an orientation film, a scanning signal electrode, an image signal electrode, a pixel electrode and an active device, each provided between the liquid crystal layer and one substrate, and a polarizer provided on the outer sides of the substrates, for changing an optical characteristic according to an orientation state of the liquid crystal layer. The electrodes are arranged so as to apply an electric field, mainly parallel to the substrates. At least one of the electrodes is disposed between at least two dielectric layers disposed above and below the at least one of the electrodes, and the resistivity of the liquid crystal layer is set at a value sufficient to substantially prevent disturbance of the orientation of the liquid crystal layer due to static electricity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composite material for use in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and an electrode structure for generating an electric field having a component predominantly in parallel with one of said pair of substrates. The liquid crystal composite material includes a liquid chemical compound represented by a general chemical formula (I) In the formula (I), X1, X2 and X3 are selected from a group consisting of fluoro group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxyl group, nitro group and hydrogen atom and not all three X1, X2 and X3 being a hydrogen group. Further, R is selected from a group consisting of alkyl group and alkoxyl group having the carbon number 1 to 10 which can be substituted, and ring A is selected from a group consisting of cyclohexane ring, benzene ring, dioxane ring, pyrimidine ring, and [2,2,2]-bicyclohexane ring.

Abstract: For preventing light from leaking into pixels located at a periphery of a display region of a liquid crystal display device which has a first conductive layer being extended outside a liquid crystal sealing region formed at an at least one of first and second substrates thereof, an insulating layer covering the first conductive layer, and a terminal contacting the first conductive layer and being extended on the insulating layer at an outside of the display region thereof, a second conductive layer is provided having a different electrical potential from that of the first conductive layer and being formed between the display region and the terminal on the insulating layer.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device capable of realizing a viewing angle equivalent to the Braun tube and for controlling display with an electric field in parallel with a substrate surface, a liquid crystal display device is provided which is less in unevenness of display and homogeneous in luminance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composite material for use in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and an electrode structure for generating an electric field having a component predominantly in parallel with one of said pair of substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and system having a liquid crystal composition being interposed between a first and second substrates, a plurality of pixel parts being constructed with a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes arranged in a matrix on one of said first and second substrates, a switching element being provided in each of the pixel parts, wherein the switching element is connected to a pixel electrode, the pixel electrode and a common electrode being so constructed on the one of said first and second substrates as to be operable in keeping the major axes of the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the surface of the substrates. In the pixel part, the signal electrode and the pixel electrode is formed and a shield electrode is formed between the signal electrode and the pixel electrode.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a repair line for replacing a signal line disconnected in a display area thereof and extended from one side thereof to another side thereof opposite to the one side thereof, there is provided a signal amplifier on a circuit board arranged at the one side thereof. Since the circuit board supplies control signals to a signal driver circuit which outputs a video signal or the like to be transferred by the repair line toward another side of the liquid crystal display device, the video signal can be amplified by the signal amplifier before its waveform is deformed on its way through the repair line. Therefore, the video signal can be supplied to a part of the disconnected signal line at the another side of the liquid crystal display device by preventing the video signal from being deformed and delayed.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus including a driver having an active element, an electrode structure mainly applying an electric field which is substantially parallel to a substrate surface to a liquid crystal layer, and at least a part of a portion of a signal wiring which opposes the liquid crystal layer transmits a video signal to the active element and is covered by a conductive material via an insulator. The conductive material is electrically connected with a common electrode as one of electrodes of the electrode structure.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a liquid crystal layer inserted between the substrates; an orientation film provided between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the pair of substrates and on an inner side of the at least one substrate; a scanning signal electrode, an image signal electrode, a pixel electrode and an active device, each provided between the liquid crystal layer and the at least one substrate; and a polarization arrangement provided on the outer sides of the substrates, for changing an optical characteristic according to an orientation state of the liquid crystal layer; wherein each of the electrodes is arranged so as to apply an electric field, mainly parallel to the substrates, to the liquid crystal layer, and being connected to an external control for selectively controlling the electric field according to a display pattern.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display unit in IPS or FFS mode having a wide viewing angle, when a current is supplied to the unit so as to make display continuously, black spot-like unevenness (small dark or white spots) is produced. Since liquid crystal with low resistivity is used in IPS or FFS mode, impurities in the liquid crystal flow during display to form indeterminate black unevenness, or stay in an end portion of a display pattern producing an after image. To prevent this in a liquid crystal display unit, new electrodes or wires connected to at least one group of the scanning or video signal lines through-holes for restraining small dark or white spots are formed on the protective film, and electrodes connected to at least one group of the pixel electrodes, the opposed electrodes and opposed voltage signal lines are formed on opposite sides of the new electrodes or wires for restraining small dark or white spots.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display system having a plurality of switching elements, the active matrix type liquid crystal display system including a pair of substrates, signal electrode lines and scanning electrode lines formed on one of the pair of the substrates and crossing each other in a matrix form. A plurality of pixels are delimited by the signal electrode lines and the scanning electrode lines and a liquid crystal layer is interposed between the pair of the substrates. Each pixel of the pixels includes an electrode structure for generating an electric field having a component substantially in parallel with one of the substrates upon application of at least one predetermined voltage thereto, and an optical structure for obtaining a voltage vs. brightness characteristic where the voltage to obtain a minimum brightness is greater than zero.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate which has a plurality of scan electrodes and signal electrodes formed in a matrix shape, and a plurality of semiconductor switching elements having enhancement type characteristics formed at corresponding cross points of said scan electrodes and said signal electrodes, respectively, a second substrate which is arranged so as to face to said first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer which is composed of a liquid crystal composition enclosed in an interval between said first and second substrates, wherein pixel electrodes connected to corresponding ones of said semiconductor switching element and counter electrodes connected to corresponding ones of said scan electrodes are arranged alternately in a comb-shape manner in respective ones of plural pixel regions surrounded by said plural scan electrodes and plural signal electrodes on said first substrate.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display system having a liquid crystal composition being interposed between a first and a second substrates, a plurality of pixel parts being constructed with a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes arranged in a matrix, a switching element being provided in each of the pixel parts, wherein the switching element is connected to a pixel electrode, the pixel electrode and a common electrode being so constructed as operable in keeping the major axes of the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the surface of the substrate. In the pixel part, the signal electrode and the pixel electrode is formed and a shield electrode is formed between the signal electrode and the pixel electrode. The system requires no transparent electrode, being excellent in visual angle characteristic, being high in contrast, being small in cross-talk producing probability.

Abstract: A thin film transistor type liquid crystal display system which is low in power dissipation in brightness, high in image quality without cross-talk. A thin film transistor type liquid crystal display system comprises electrodes for applying electric field nearly in parallel to the surface of a substrate, a liquid crystal composition, element structure for obtaining light state and dark state through polarization means, driving means for output a scanning signal having at least two kinds of non-selective voltage values to scanning electrodes.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus having a pair of substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal layer. A group of electrodes form a matrix of pixels and an active device, each of the group of electrodes being provided between the liquid crystal and one of the substrates. The electrodes are arranged so as to apply an electric field, mainly parallel to the substrates. The resistivity of the liquid crystal layer is lower than or equal to 1.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA..multidot.cm. The relationship between the elasticity constant K2 and the dielectric anisotropy .DELTA..epsilon. satisfies the equation K.sub.2 /.DELTA..epsilon.<9.0.times.10.sup.-8 [dyn]. Further, a relationship between a gap between a pixel electrode and a common electrode and a gap between the pair of substrates is satisfied.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus, having a designated drive composed of a group of electrodes forming pixels in a n.times.m matrix and active devices, in which the electrodes have a structure such that an electric field parallel to the interface can be applied to the liquid crystal composite layer, and the cell-gap between substrates facing each other is 6 .mu.m or less and the response time is less than or equal to 100 ms, and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display system having a plurality of switching elements to which scanning signals and image signals are applied via scanning electrodes and signal electrodes on one of a pair of the substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, and an electrode structure for generating an electric field having a component substantially in parallel with one of the pair of the substrates. Scanning signals having at least two kinds of non-selective voltage values are applied to the scanning electrodes, whereby power consumption is reduced and image degradation of cross talk of the display system is prevented, in addition to obtaining extremely wide viewing-angle characteristics.