Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate with a layer of printing fluid toward an electrode array with a plurality of electrodes. Processing circuitry determines a dryness of the layer of printing fluid based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate.

Abstract: An electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid; a first resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a methacrylic acid monomer; and a second resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an acrylic acid monomer, wherein the second resin constitutes at least 35 wt. % of the total amount of resin is disclosed.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes collecting (102) print agent from a print agent reservoir to form a print agent layer on a first print agent transfer member (204). The print agent layer may be transferred (104) directly from the first print agent transfer member to a second print agent transfer member (206), where the print agent layer may be heated (106). The print agent layer may be applied (108) directly from the second print agent transfer member to a substrate.

Abstract: An electrostatic ink composition comprising a carrier liquid; a first resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a methacrylic acid monomer; and a second resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an acrylic acid monomer, wherein the second resin constitutes at least 35 wt. % of the total amount of resin is disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate with a layer of printing fluid toward an electrode array with a plurality of electrodes. Processing circuitry determines a dryness of the layer of printing fluid based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes collecting (102) print agent from a print agent reservoir to form a print agent layer on a first print agent transfer member (204). The print agent layer may be transferred (104) directly from the first print agent transfer member to a second print agent transfer member (206), where the print agent layer may be heated (106). The print agent layer may be applied (108) directly from the second print agent transfer member to a substrate.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate against a plurality of electrodes comprised in an electrode array of the printing apparatus. A layer of wet printing fluid is comprised in the printing substrate. Based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate, an index of a thickness of the layer of wet printing fluid is determined by processing circuitry of the printing apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for measuring the dryness of primer on a substrate in an inline priming system. In implementations, the apparatus comprises a plurality of measurement electrodes spaced laterally to extend across and contact a primed surface of a substrate following application of a primer to the substrate as it is fed through the inline priming system. A resistance measurement unit is provided as part of the dryness measuring apparatus to, in use, measure the surface resistance of the primed substrate between different measurement electrodes across the primed surface of a substrate. A controller is provided in the dryness measurement apparatus, the controller arranged to, in use: receive the measured surface resistance value and to generate, based on the measured surface resistance values, a dryness profile indicative of the dryness of the primer at locations across the substrate in the direction of the spacing of the electrodes.

Abstract: A printing apparatus is described in which a guide member biases a printing substrate against a plurality of electrodes comprised in an electrode array of the printing apparatus. A layer of wet printing fluid is comprised in the printing substrate. Based on an output of the electrode array when the plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the printing substrate, an index of a thickness of the layer of wet printing fluid is determined by processing circuitry of the printing apparatus.

Abstract: A printhead maintenance device includes a maintenance housing including a set of maintenance nozzles, an air controlling member, and a waste collector. The maintenance housing moves to selectively position the set of maintenance nozzles opposite a printhead including a nozzle surface having a plurality of nozzles to eject fluid. The set of maintenance nozzles provide fluid onto the nozzle surface of the printhead to remove residue therefrom. The air controlling member forms air flow paths to at least one of direct the fluid provided by the maintenance nozzles at an angle to the nozzle surface and direct the residue maintenance nozzles to the waste collector.

Abstract: A printhead maintenance device includes a maintenance housing including a set of maintenance nozzles, an air controlling member, and a waste collector. The maintenance housing moves to selectively position the set of maintenance nozzles opposite a printhead including a nozzle surface having a plurality of nozzles to eject fluid. The set of maintenance nozzles provide fluid onto the nozzle surface of the printhead to remove residue therefrom. The air controlling member forms air flow paths to at least one of direct the fluid provided by the maintenance nozzles at an angle to the nozzle surface and direct the residue maintenance nozzles to the waste collector.