Abstract: One example discloses a security device, including: a bulk security capacitance, including a first endpoint and a second endpoint, and having, a first layer including a first set of conductive elements, the first endpoint, and the second endpoint; and a second layer including a second set of conductive elements; wherein the first set of conductive elements and the second set of conductive elements together form at least two bulk capacitors in series; wherein the first and second layers are separated by a distance; and wherein the first and second endpoints are configured to be coupled to a tamper detection circuit configured to detect a change in the bulk security capacitance.

Abstract: One example discloses a charging system, including: a charging device configured to be coupled to a device to be charged; wherein the charging device includes a set of hardware defined charging attributes; wherein the charging device is configured to reconfigure the hardware defined charging attributes based on a specific charging protocol received from the device to be charged; and wherein the charging device is configured to output charging power to the device to be charged as defined by the specific charging protocol.

Abstract: One example discloses a charging system, including: a charging device configured to be coupled to a device to be charged; wherein the charging device includes a set of hardware defined charging attributes; wherein the charging device is configured to reconfigure the hardware defined charging attributes based on a specific charging protocol received from the device to be charged; and wherein the charging device is configured to output charging power to the device to be charged as defined by the specific charging protocol.

Abstract: A battery pack has first and second battery terminals, plural battery cells each with a battery element, a cell supervisor electrically connected to the battery element, and a communication section to communicate with the cell supervisor. The battery elements are connected serially between the first and second battery terminals. Bus interfaces are arranged in alternating fashion with the battery cells to define a daisy chain bus, each such bus interface being configured for signal communication, the interfaces respectively connecting the communication sections of two adjacent battery cells. A battery manager communicates with the battery cells via the daisy chain bus. The battery manager sends a command message to the battery cells using a through mode protocol, and each battery cell sends at least one of a confirmation message and a service request to the battery manager using a shift mode protocol.

Abstract: An energy storage cell for a multi-cell energy storage device is disclosed. The energy storage cell comprises a cell information storage device adapted to store cell information regarding the energy storage cell.

Abstract: Temperature characteristics of battery cells are detected. In accordance with one or more embodiments, an intercept frequency is detected for each battery cell, at which frequency an imaginary part of a plot of impedance values of the battery cell exhibits a zero crossing. The impedance values correspond to current injected into the cell. A temperature of the cell is determined based upon the detected intercept frequency for the cell and stored data that models operation of the cell. Various approaches are implemented with different types of circuits coupled to detect the impedance values of the respective cells.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus is provided that includes a bi-directional communication bus, a set of battery sections connected to the bi-directional communication bus, and a battery manager circuit bi-directional communication bus. Each of the battery sections of the set has a clock circuit. The battery manager circuit is configured to communicate with the set of battery sections via the bi-directional communication bus using a synchronous master-slave communication protocol, in which symbols transmitted by the battery manager circuit include respective timing trigger segments and respective data segments. Each battery section of the set of battery sections is configured and arranged to adjust a frequency or a phase of the respective clock circuit of the battery section, relative to timing of the timing trigger segments.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes first and second connection nodes and a communication circuit. The communication circuit is configured to communicate cell-status data of a cell over a bidirectional data path connected to the connection nodes. The communication circuit includes directional drive circuitry configured to communicate the cell-status data over the bi-directional data path by communicating the cell-status data via the first connection node to first-side circuitry in the one direction of the bi-directional data path and, in response to an indication that the bi-directional data path is faulty, by communicating via the second connection node to second-side circuitry along the other direction of the bi-directional data path. The communication circuit also includes a communication-protocol circuit configured to control the directional drive circuitry. The apparatus may be connected in-series with other like apparatuses in the bi-directional data path.

Abstract: A battery pack has first and second battery terminals, plural battery cells each with a battery element, a cell supervisor electrically connected to the battery element, and a communication section to communicate with the cell supervisor. The battery elements are connected serially between the first and second battery terminals. Bus interfaces are arranged in alternating fashion with the battery cells to define a daisy chain bus, each such bus interface being configured for signal communication, the interfaces respectively connecting the communication sections of two adjacent battery cells. A battery manager communicates with the battery cells via the daisy chain bus. The battery manager sends a command message to the battery cells using a through mode protocol, and each battery cell sends at least one of a confirmation message and a service request to the battery manager using a shift mode protocol.

Abstract: A battery cell measurement system comprising a signal generator coupled to a pulse density modulation circuit generating a control signal which drives a switch connected between a first terminal of a battery cell and a first terminal of a bleeding impedance, a second terminal of the bleeding impedance being coupled to a second battery cell terminal. The first terminal is coupled to a first terminal of a second switch. The second terminal is coupled to a first terminal of a third switch. A second terminal of the second switch and second terminal of the third switch are coupled and are further coupled to a low-pass filter. A signal generated by the low-pass filter is inputted into an analog to digital converter, which provides a signal representative of either a signal across the bleeding impedance, or a signal between the battery cell terminals.

Abstract: An energy storage cell for a multi-cell energy storage device is disclosed. The energy storage cell comprises a cell information storage device adapted to store cell information regarding the energy storage cell.

Abstract: Temperature characteristics of battery cells are detected. In accordance with one or more embodiments, an intercept frequency is detected for each battery cell, at which frequency an imaginary part of a plot of impedance values of the battery cell exhibits a zero crossing. The impedance values correspond to current injected into the cell. A temperature of the cell is determined based upon the detected intercept frequency for the cell and stored data that models operation of the cell. Various approaches are implemented with different types of circuits coupled to detect the impedance values of the respective cells.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to an light-emitting diode (LED) driver and related method that drives various LEDs in an LED string beyond their isolated nominal luminance. Individual LEDs in an LED string may be thermally dependent so that specific LEDs may operate at higher temperatures without degradation. This may include driving specific LEDs beyond isolated nominal luminance when associated LEDs dim below their isolated nominal luminance. Such operation allows the LED to receive higher amounts of current and therefore exhibit higher luminous intensity. A control circuit may monitor the forward voltage and temperature in a feedback loop to ensure that the LEDs in the string are operating below a defined maximum junction temperature. The control circuit may signal a processing unit to adjust adjacent circuits to compensate when the controlled LEDs cannot produce a requested luminance without operating beyond a maximum junction temperature.

Abstract: A battery cell measurement system comprising a signal generator coupled to a pulse density modulation circuit generating a control signal which drives a switch connected between a first terminal of a battery cell and a first terminal of a bleeding impedance, a second terminal of the bleeding impedance being coupled to a second battery cell terminal. The first terminal is coupled to a first terminal of a second switch. The second terminal is coupled to a first terminal of a third switch. A second terminal of the second switch and second terminal of the third switch are coupled and are further coupled to a low-pass filter. A signal generated by the low-pass filter is inputted into an analog to digital converter, which provides a signal representative of either a signal across the bleeding impedance, or a signal between the battery cell terminals.

Abstract: A method for processing color image data that enables to optimally render a color image on a target device. The method incorporates a color gamut mapping step, where the amount of gamut mapping is adapted dynamically, in dependence of at least a color saturation value of the input pixel. Preferably, also a luminance value of the input pixel is used. The adaptive gamut mapping incorporates correction of saturation, and preferably also hue and white point, of the image data. The color gamut of the target device is used to the fullest possible extent, while clipping and loss of local details in highly saturated areas of the input image is largely prevented.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to an light-emitting diode (LED) driver and related method that drives various LEDs in an LED string beyond their isolated nominal luminance. Individual LEDs in an LED string may be thermally dependent so that specific LEDs may operate at higher temperatures without degradation. This may include driving specific LEDs beyond isolated nominal luminance when associated LEDs dim below their isolated nominal luminance. Such operation allows the LED to receive higher amounts of current and therefore exhibit higher luminous intensity. A control circuit may monitor the forward voltage and temperature in a feedback loop to ensure that the LEDs in the string are operating below a defined maximum junction temperature. The control circuit may signal a processing unit to adjust adjacent circuits to compensate when the controlled LEDs cannot produce a requested luminance without operating beyond a maximum junction temperature.