Abstract: A process for converting naphtha to light olefins comprises contacting a naphtha stream with a zeolitic catalyst to produce a light paraffin stream at conditions which dehydrogenate the naphtha to olefins, interconvert the olefins to lighter olefins and hydrogenate the lighter olefins to produce a light paraffin stream comprising ethane and propane. The catalyst may comprise a zeolite and a metal.

Abstract: A process for converting naphtha to predominantly ethane comprising contacting a naphtha stream with a zeolitic catalyst comprising a noble metal and hydrogen to produce a light paraffin stream comprising ethane and propane; wherein the catalyst comprises at least about 0.005 wt % noble metal at a ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon of less than about 5. In a predominantly propane mode, the catalyst comprises about 0.005 wt % noble metal and operates at a reaction temperature of no more than about 450° C. The process can be switched between modes depending on the desires of the operator.

Abstract: A process for converting naphtha to light olefins comprises contacting a naphtha stream with a zeolitic catalyst to produce a light paraffin stream at conditions which dehydrogenate the naphtha to olefins, interconvert the olefins to lighter olefins and hydrogenate the lighter olefins to produce a light paraffin stream comprising ethane and propane. The catalyst may comprise a zeolite and a metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds or a mixture of compounds of the general formulae I.a or I.b wherein R1 is selected from C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, —C(?O)OR2, —PO(OR2a)2, aryl and hetaryl, R2, R2a are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C1-C12-alkenyl, where the last two radicals mentioned are unsubstituted, partly or completely halogenated or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkoxy and CN, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, aryl and aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, where the last four radicals mentioned are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkoxy, —CN, and halogen, which comprises dimerizing olefin compound of the general formula II, in the presence of at least one N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds or a mixture of compounds of the general formulae I.a or I.b wherein R1 is selected from C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, —C(?O)OR2, —PO(OR2a)2, aryl and hetaryl, R2, R2a are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C1-C12-alkenyl, where the last two radicals mentioned are unsubstituted, partly or completely halogenated or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkoxy and CN, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, aryl and aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, where the last four radicals mentioned are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 radicals selected from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkoxy, —CN, and halogen, which comprises dimerizing olefin compound of the general formula II, in the presence of at least one N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved epoxidation process and an improved epoxidation reactor. The present invention makes use of a reactor which comprises a plurality of microchannels. Such process microchannels may be adapted such that the epoxidation and optionally other processes can take place in the microchannels and that they are in a heat exchange relation with channels adapted to contain a heat exchange fluid. A reactor comprising such process microchannels is referred to as a “microchannel reactor”. The invention also provides a method of installing an epoxidation catalyst in a microchannel reactor. The invention also provides a method of preparing an epoxidation catalyst. The invention also provides an epoxidation catalyst. The invention also provides a certain process for the epoxidation of an olefin and a process for the preparation of a chemical derivable from an olefin oxide. The invention also provides a microchannel reactor.

Abstract: Valve for discharging foaming agents from pressurized containers with said valve sealing off the pressurized container to the outside and being provided with an outlet opening furnished with a closure part (4) movably arranged therein and retained in closed position by means of a spring element (21) and, when actuated externally, clearing an outlet opening for the foaming agent present in the pressurized container, said valve being mounted on a container cover designed to function as a valve disk (1), so that the valve disk (1) has a sealing face designed to act as valve seat (6) with said sealing face interacting with a sealing element (7), and the valve disk (1) and the sealing element (7) being made of a rigid, functionally non-deformable material and the sealing effect being brought about by an elastic element (17) arranged on the valve disk (1), and the spring element (9, 21, 30) that holds the sealing element (7) in closing position being directly secured to the valve disk (1).

Abstract: A prepolymer composition for producing polyurethane insulating foams with fire-retardant properties from pressure tanks which consists of a prepolymer component with at least one PU prepolymer with a content of NCO groups of 4 to 20 wt % and usual additives, as well as a propellant component, wherein the prepolymer component is substantially halogenfree and has 5 to 40 wt %, based on the prepolymer component, of softening phosphates and/or phosphonates with the formulae O═P(OR3 and O═P(OR)2R.

Abstract: A prepolymer composition for producing polyurethane insulating foams from pressure tanks which consists of a prepolymer component with at least one PU prepolymer with a content of NCO groups of 4 to 20 wt % and usual additives, as well as a propellant component, wherein a polyisocyanate with a content of less than 2 wt %, based on the prepolymer component, of monomeric isocyanate is used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral 1,3-dioxane compounds and diastereomers thereof of the general formula I 1

Abstract: A prepolymer composition for producing polyurethane insulating foams from pressure tanks which consists of a prepolymer component with at least one PU prepolymer with a content of NCO groups of 4 to 20 wt % and usual additives, as well as a propellant component, with a content of 0.01 to 2 wt %, based on the prepolymer component, of polybutadiene.

Abstract: A process for recycling of packings containing reactive residues wherein the packings are introduced into a cold zone and cooled until the residues contained therein solidify and are then crushed in the cooled state, the crushed packings are divided into a fraction containing the reactive residues and at least one further fraction, the residue-containing fraction is introduced into a mixing zone into which an agent reactive with the residues is simultaneously introduced, optionally together with a catalyst, the temperature in the mixing zone being held below the softening temperature of the residues and the reactive agent, and the resulting mixture of residue-containing fraction and reactive agent and optionally catalyst is brought to a temperature sufficient for reaction and reacted in a reaction zone.

Abstract: In a process for producing substantially homogeneous mixtures of reactive substances the substances are brought into a cold zone separately from one another and cooled until they exist in a solid and unreactive state, and then introduced into a mixing zone in a finely dispersed state and mixed together there, the temperature in the mixing zone being held below the softening temperature of the mixing obtained therein.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for processing residue-containing packages so as to receive valuable materials, in particular pressure containers for dispensing foams with propellant gases. For that purpose, extraction with a solvent is carried out essentially in atmosphere of propellant gas and/or solvent vapors.

Abstract: The invention concerns the method and apparatus for processing remnant-holding packagings while recovering substances of value, said method including the following steps: The packagings are inserted into an operational vessel 13, and the residues are extracted using a solvent. The residue-containing solution from the operational vessel 13 is transferred into a sump. The residue-holding solution is concentrated in the sump while the solvent is evaporated in an evaporation station 19. The evaporated solvent is condensed in a condensing station 20. The solvent is recycled from a recycling station 22 into the operational vessel 13. The residues are enriched and then recovered in concentrated form from the sump.

Abstract: A pressurized can for the expulsion of building foams such as single-component polyurethane foams, the body of which is a cylinder, with a preferably pushed-in bottom. The body also includes a dome-like top section with a valve which expels the can contents consisting of a product component and a propellant. A floating plunger mounted on the interior wall of the cylinder separates the propellant gas chamber from the product component. The floating plunger has a cavity in its upper side, in which a component reactive with the product component is sealed off from the product component by a seal. A trigger device is placed in the dome-like top section to open the seal when the plunger reaches a position immediately below the dome-like top section.

Abstract: In a multi-chamber container (1), in which is accomodated at least one chamber partition wall (4) movable through the two chambers and having at least one orifice (8) which makes a connection between the two adjacent chambers (2, 3) and interacts with a shutoff member and which can be opened and closed via a tappet (10) actuable from outside, the chamber partition wall (4) sealed off on the inside of the container being movable through the container (1), according to the invention the orifice (8) in the chamber partition wall (4) is equipped to receive a thread of a valve spindle (23) which can be screwed in by means of the tappet and which terminates at a stop (24) interacting with one side (26) of the chamber partition wall (4) and at a valve plate (32) formed by a ring (32) of the rod and ensuring sealing on the opposite side (35) of the chamber partition wall (4), the valve plate (24) and the stop (32) being layable onto their seats (27, 23) as a result of an alternating rotation of the rod (10), and the

Abstract: The invention proposes a polyurethane assembly foam which is produced by foaming a mixture in which, before the completed foaming, there are brought together a solution of the propellant of the foam, a prepolymer of polyurethane, a reaction resin and, if need be, parts of its reagent with components kept separate from the solution until the final foaming, namely the reagent or individual ones of its components as well as possibly hardening accelerators of the polyurethane. The apparatus includes an outer pressure tank for the reception of the solution and an inner pressure tank for the separation of the components of the solution and a ram, movable from outside for perforating the inner pressure tank and permitting mixing of the contents of the tanks prior to release of the solution.

Abstract: A pressure can for dispensing polyurethane foams including a cylinder and a dome-like upper part with an opening therethrough. A closure member closes the opening and seals it and a valve body is inset in the closure member for dispensing the contents of the can. A can bottom covers the end of the cylinder opposite from the upper part and a piston is slidably disposed in the cylinder intermediate its ends for dividing the cylinder into a foam-former filling space between the piston and closure member and propellant space between the piston and the can bottom. The piston has a cylindrical depending skirt providing a gap between it and the cylinder wall sufficient to permit a limited amount of propellant to pass into the foam-former filling space but too restricted to permit the foam-former from passing from the foam-former space to the propellant space. The propellant dissolved in the foam former will flash when the filling is dispensed from the can at atmospheric pressure, creating bubbles to enhance foaming.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dimensionally stable one-component polyurethane foam from a storage-stable mixture, under pressure, of a prepolymer based on polyols and containing isocyanate groups and an organic blowing agent, with or without additives, by releasing the pressure and allowing the mixture to react with the atmosphere and cure, wherein the foamable mixture, which contains from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the prepolymer containing isocyanate groups, of a blowing agent is introduced into the inner container of a two-compartment pressure pack, which pack contains a pressure medium in the outer container, and is discharged, when required, through a dispensing device.