Abstract: Methods for controlling a perfusion bioprocess are described, the method comprising: controlling the value of one or more controlled variables selected from the number or density of viable cells in the bioreactor, the volume of culture in the bioreactor, and the concentration of one or more metabolites in the bioreactor using one or more control loops each configured to control a non-overlapping subset of the controlled variables by setting the value of one or more manipulated variables selected from the feed flow rate, the bleed flow rate and the permeate flow rate, wherein at least one of the control loops uses a controller that identifies a value of the one or more manipulated variables that optimises a control objective using a prediction of the value of the subset of controlled variables from a dynamic model of the bioprocess describing the rate of change of the one or more controlled variables.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wall element embodied in the form of a hollow precast concrete part comprising an internal wall, an external wall and a number of vertical channels which pass through the entire wall element from the top to lower faces thereof and whose cross-section reduces toward the wall base. When the wall element is positioned on the basement, it is possible to pour a cast-in-place concrete from the top into one or several vertical channels. The poured cast-in-place concrete attains through the channels, the wall base and further down in such a way that it penetrates into the basement or connecting elements. The hardened or solidified filling concrete forms a wedge which fixedly connects the wall element to a hollow brick of the basement.