Abstract: The invention relates to a method for simulating an impact of particles/radiation on an object: (a) Providing a control memory including control memory locations and a mass memory including mass memory locations. (b) Building a simulated particle/radiation unit, wherein this particle or the radiation unit is designated for impact on the object. (c) Defining at least one property/energetic state of a particular, individual particle/radiation unit. (d) Carrying out a simulated impact of the particular individual particle/radiation unit on the object, wherein a distribution function of an impact site and/or of a velocity of the particular individual particle/radiation unit is used. (e) Determining or querying at least one local property and/or a local energetic state of at least one affected object element. (f) Determining or querying a collision event caused by the impact and acting on the individual particle/radiation unit and/or the affected object element or volume element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for simulating an impact of particles/radiation on an object: (a) Providing a control memory including control memory locations and a mass memory including mass memory locations. (b) Building a simulated particle/radiation unit, wherein this particle or the radiation unit is designated for impact on the object. (c) Defining at least one property/energetic state of a particular, individual particle/radiation unit. (d) Carrying out a simulated impact of the particular individual particle/radiation unit on the object, wherein a distribution function of an impact site and/or of a velocity of the particular individual particle/radiation unit is used. (e) Determining or querying at least one local property and/or a local energetic state of at least one affected object element. (f) Determining or querying a collision event caused by the impact and acting on the individual particle/radiation unit and/or the affected object element or volume element.

Abstract: Problems to be solved: To provide a sliding member capable of achieving low friction properties and low wearing properties under dry conditions (i.e., in the absence of a lubricant). Solution: A sliding member including: a sliding-element 1; and a sliding-element 2 which serves as a counterbody to the sliding-element 1, in which the sliding-element 1 is made of oxide ceramics and the sliding-element 2 is made of a thin film containing hydrogen and sp3/sp2-hybridized carbon. Advantages: The sliding member achieves low friction properties and low wearing properties and in which the friction coefficient is unrelated to the sliding speed.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid composition comprising a polyalkylene glycol initiated by a hydric initiator having a functionality of at least 1 and extended with ethylene oxide, wherein the polyalkylene glycol comprises at least 30 percent by weight ethylene oxide and having a volumetric heat capacity at 100° C. of at least 2.0 J/cm3-K; and an additive package which comprises an acid scavenger, wherein the acid scavenger is an aspartic acid, aspartic acid amide, a Group V aspartic acid salt, their derivatives, or a combination thereof is provided. Also provided are such fluids which meet the bio-no-tox criteria of European Community directive EC/1999/45 (as amended by EC/2006/8). Further provided are monofluid-type engine lubricating and cooling fluids comprising such heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A lubricant composition useful for automotive engines, comprising: (A) at least one polyalkylene glycol suitable for use as a lubricant in an automotive engine, (B) an additive package which comprises an acid scavenger, wherein the acid scavenger is an aspartic acid ester, aspartic acid amide, a Group V aspartic acid salt, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: According to a first aspect, an ester oil, in particular for producing a hydraulic fluid and/or a lubricant, containing an esterification product from the esterification of at least one monoalcohol with at least one polycarboxylic acid, is characterized in that the monoalcohol and/or the polycarboxylic acid originates from renewable raw materials. According to a second aspect, an ester oil, in particular for producing a hydraulic fluid and/or a lubricant, containing an esterification product from the esterificati-on of at least one monocarboxylic acid with at least one dialcohol, is characterized in that the dialcohol and/or the monocarboxylic acid originates from renewable raw materials.

Abstract: A lubricant composition useful for automotive engines, comprising: (A) at least one polyalkylene glycol suitable for use as a lubricant in an automotive engine, (B) an additive package which comprises an acid scavenger, wherein the acid scavenger is an aspartic acid ester, aspartic acid amide, a Group V aspartic acid salt, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A tribosystem for radial and axial foil bearings includes a first structural component part; and a second structural component part interacting with the first part. The first and second parts are in a dry frictional unidirectional sliding contact with one another until an air film is formed. A surface of at least one of the first and second parts being exposed to the dry frictional contact contains at least partly at least one of a metallic bound (Ti,Mo)(C,N), Tin-2Cr2O2n-1 with 6?n?9 and solid solution of TiO2—Cr2O3.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system, in particular suitable for high power engines, comprising at least a rotor and means comprising active sections fit for making the rotor(s) rotate by their synchronized deformation, characterized in that the rotor material comprises an Al, Fe alloy with at least one other element, the alloy comprising at least more or less 80% in weight of Al and at least between 0.1 and 15.0% in weight in Fe.

Abstract: A lubricant composition useful for automotive engines, comprising: (A) at least one polyalkylene glycol suitable for use as a lubricant in an automotive engine, (B) an additive package which comprises an acid scavenger, wherein the acid scavenger is an aspartic acid ester, aspartic acid amide, a Group V aspartic acid salt, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system, in particular suitable for high power engines, comprising at least a rotor and means comprising active sections fit for making the rotor(s) rotate by their synchronised deformation, characterised in that the rotor material comprises an Al, Fe alloy with at least one other element, the alloy comprising at least more or less 80% in weight of Al and at least between 0.1 and 15.0% in weight in Fe.

Abstract: The invention concerns an actuator which includes a linear piston (2) in an active material, and an inner sliding cylinder (7, 7?) which includes an outer cylinder (5, 5?) in which the said sliding cylinder ((7, 7?) is pre-stressed, with one cylinder being in an anisotropic material with a negative or approximately zero expansion coefficient along at least one axis and a positive or approximately zero expansion coefficient on at least one other axis, and the other cylinder having a positive thermal or approximately zero expansion coefficient.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuator comprising a sliding sleeve and an active piston, control means, wherein the sliding sleeve and the piston have at their interface at least one pair of friction layers, characterised in that at least one friction layer is made of a material selected from the following: an oxide of a Ti and Cr alloy; a zirconium matrix stabilised by Sc2O3 and/or Al2O3 and/or Cr2O3; a zirconium oxide in tetragonal phase stabilised by Y2O3; an alloy of Al, Fe and at least one other element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy, to an aluminum alloy produced according to the method, and to the use thereof. The method comprises the steps of: (i) providing an aluminum alloy having the composition Fe: 3-10; X: 3-10; Y: 0-1.5; Z: 0-10; wherein X represents an element or combination of elements (a) V and Si; (b) Cr and Ti; (c) Ce; or (d) Mn; each time with the proviso that the proportion of the individual elements in the combinations of elements (a) and (b) is at least 0.

Abstract: A tribosystem for radial and axial foil bearings includes a first structural component part; and a second structural component part interacting with the first part. The first and second parts are in a dry frictional unidirectional sliding contact with one another until an air film is formed. A surface of at least one of the first and second parts being exposed to the dry frictional contact contains at least partly at least one of a metallic bound (Ti,Mo) (C,N), Tin-2Cr2O2n-1 with 6?n?9 and solid solution of TiO2—Cr2O3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tribological device, in particular a miniature anti-friction bearing, with rolling bodies which are resistant to superheated steam up to a component temperature of 450 degrees and which travel along roller tracks, the structure of the rolling bodies being based on zirconium dioxide. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that at least the surface of the rolling bodies consists of zirconium dioxide that is stabilized with MgO and/or CeO2 and/or Sc2O3, the zirconium oxide at least partially having a tetragonal structure. In a further embodiment of the invention, the stabilization is achieved with Y2O3, the primary particle size being less than 300 nm, preferably less than 100 nm.

Abstract: The invention concerns an actuator that includes an active piston, an inner sliding cylinder and an outer cylinder in which the said sliding cylinder is pre-stressed, where one of the cylinders is in a material with a negative thermal expansion coefficient or one that is close to zero, with the other cylinder having a positive thermal expansion coefficient, in which the material of the cylinder with negative expansion coefficient or one close to zero is one of the following materials: ?-ZrMo2O8 in cubic structure, Zr2W P2O12, a silicious faujasite, Lu2 (WO4)3, ZrW2O8 in cubic phase, with nanograins whose size is approximately between 10 nm and 75 nm, or any possible combination of these materials.

Abstract: The invention concerns an actuator that includes an active piston, an inner sliding cylinder and an outer cylinder in which the said sliding cylinder is pre-stressed, where one of the cylinders is in a material with a negative thermal expansion coefficient or one that is close to zero, with the other cylinder having a positive thermal expansion coefficient, in which the material of the cylinder with negative expansion coefficient or one close to zero is one of the following materials: ?-ZrMo2O8 in cubic structure, Zr2W P2O12, a silicious faujasite, Lu2 (WO4)3, ZrW2O8 in cubic phase, with nanograins whose size is approximately between 10 nm and 75 nm, or any possible combination of these materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuator comprising a sliding sleeve and an active piston, control means, wherein the sliding sleeve and the piston have at their interface at least one pair of friction layers, characterised in that at least one friction layer is made of a material selected from the following: an oxide of a Ti and Cr alloy; a zirconium matrix stabilised by Sc2O3 and/or Al2O3 and/or Cr2O3; a zirconium oxide in tetragonal phase stabilised by Y2O3; an alloy of Al, Fe and at least one other element.

Abstract: The invention concerns an actuator which includes a linear piston (2) in an active material, and an inner sliding cylinder (7, 7?) which includes an outer cylinder (5, 5?) in which the said sliding cylinder ((7, 7?) is pre-stressed, with one cylinder being in an anisotropic material with a negative or approximately zero expansion coefficient along at least one axis and a positive or approximately zero expansion coefficient on at least one other axis, and the other cylinder having a positive thermal or approximately zero expansion coefficient.