Abstract: The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system can have an interrogating subsystem comprising a superconducting path with an alternating plurality series of parallel back and forth segments collectively forming an interrogating surface adjacent the sample area, the interrogating subsystem configured for i) emitting an oscillating magnetic field B1 configured to disrupt a configuration of nuclear spins in the sample in a manner for the disrupted nuclear spins to generate a signal, and ii) receiving the signal.

Abstract: The geometry of a toroidal balloon requires that a traditional cylindrical balloon to be rotated internally into itself and the ends of the cylinder be placed in close proximity for maximal balloon rotation and to allow an entrance port for inflation of the balloon and/or attachment to an associated medical device. Described within are various techniques for the creation of such toroidal balloons.

Abstract: The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system can have an interrogating subsystem comprising a superconducting path with an alternating plurality series of parallel back and forth segments collectively forming an interrogating surface adjacent the sample area, the interrogating subsystem configured for i) emitting an oscillating magnetic field B1 configured to disrupt a configuration of nuclear spins in the sample in a manner for the disrupted nuclear spins to generate a signal, and ii) receiving the signal.

Abstract: The geometry of a toroidal balloon requires that a traditional cylindrical balloon to be rotated internally into itself and the ends of the cylinder be placed in close proximity for maximal balloon rotation and to allow an entrance port for inflation of the balloon and/or attachment to an associated medical device. Described within are various techniques for the creation of such toroidal balloons.

Abstract: A balloon is fashioned in the shape of a modified toroid that changes position by rotation. As a result, the toroidal balloon is an improvement over existing balloons for dilation and applying pressure since it can apply the pressure to both the external surface and the surface lining the balloon's internal channel and change position while applying that pressure. In addition, the toroidal balloon can apply a biologically active substance or medical device to a biological wall then leave that substance or device in place with the rotational extraction of the balloon. Other balloons for dilation or application of a substance or device need to be deflated to change their position.

Abstract: A device fashioned in the shape of a toroid is rotated by a mechanism that propels itself in one or more directions based on internal rotation. In one specific example, the toroidal device is a toroidal balloon, where the tread of the toroidal balloon driven vehicle (TBDV) is self-contained and the entire outer surface is dynamic. Such a device is uniquely and ideally suitable for exploration of a tubular structure such as, but not limited to, the alimentary tract.

Abstract: A balloon is fashioned in the shape of a modified toroid that changes position by rotation. As a result, the toroidal balloon is an improvement over existing balloons for dilation and applying pressure since it can apply the pressure to both the external surface and the surface lining the balloon's internal channel and change position while applying that pressure. In addition, the toroidal balloon can apply a biologically active substance or medical device to a biological wall then leave that substance or device in place with the rotational extraction of the balloon. Other balloons for dilation or application of a substance or device need to be deflated to change their position.

Abstract: A device fashioned in the shape of a toroid is rotated by a mechanism that propels itself in one or more directions based on internal rotation. In one specific example, the toroidal device is a toroidal balloon, where the tread of the toroidal balloon driven vehicle (TBDV) is self-contained and the entire outer surface is dynamic. Such a device is uniquely and ideally suitable for exploration of a tubular structure such as, but not limited to, the alimentary tract.

Abstract: A device for extracting (or inserting) objects from the body, such as urinary stones, using a low pressure inflatable toroidal balloon that serves to engulf the object during extraction (or insertion) while dilating and protecting the passageway. The balloon loads onto an ureteroscope prior to insertion, rather than through the ureteroscope as do existing balloons. The toroidal balloon is a simple and unique device that may be applied external to the extracting telescope and does not interfere with existing methods for stone manipulation such as laser lithotripsy, irrigation and basket extraction in the case of urinary stone manipulation.

Abstract: A device for extracting (or inserting) objects from the body, such as urinary stones, using a low pressure inflatable toroidal balloon that serves to engulf the object during extraction (or insertion) while dilating and protecting the passageway. The balloon loads onto an ureteroscope prior to insertion, rather than through the ureteroscope as do existing balloons. The toroidal balloon is a simple and unique device that may be applied external to the extracting telescope and does not interfere with existing methods for stone manipulation such as laser lithotripsy, irrigation and basket extraction in the case of urinary stone manipulation.

Abstract: A device for extracting objects from the body, such as urinary stones, using a low pressure inflatable toroidal balloon that serves to engulf the object during extraction while dilating and protecting the passageway. The balloon loads onto an ureteroscope prior to insertion, rather than through the ureteroscope as do existing balloons. The toroidal balloon is a simple and unique device that may be applied external to the extracting telescope and does not interfere with existing methods for stone manipulation such as laser lithotripsy, irrigation and basket extraction in the case of urinary stone manipulation.