Abstract: A heating unit with a resistive element formed as a conducting pattern, which resistive element is bound to a substrate, such as a base plate, on which the resistive element is extended, and which resistive element is arranged to be placed under the influence of an electrical voltage. The invention is wherein the resistive element and the said base have the same or essentially the same coefficients of thermal expansion, and in that the resistive element has been bound to the substrate by sintering.

Abstract: A heating element for use in industrial furnaces, which enables the use of a higher voltage over the element. The heating element includes a heating zone made of a molybdenum disilicide based material including 48-75% by volume of a non-conducting compound and two terminals made of a molybdenum disilicide based material including up to 25% by volume of a non-conducting compound.

Abstract: A molybdenum silicide type-heating element and a method of manufacturing a heating element of the molybdenum silicide type. The heating element contains substantially Mo(Si1-x Alx)2 and Al2O3 and is prepared by mixing a molybdenum aluminum silicide-type material Mo(Si1-yAly)2 with SiO2, wherein the SiO2 has a purity of at least 98%.

Abstract: A composite material based on a disilicide including molybdenum and zirconium dioxide, ZrO2. In the disilicide (Mo1-xCrx)Si2 a portion x, 0.08<x?0.15, of the molybdenum is substituted by Chromium, Cr. The composite material includes 10-20 volume % ZrO2 balanced with (Mo1-xCrx)Si2.

Abstract: A heating unit with a resistive element formed as a conducting pattern, which resistive element is bound to a substrate, such as a base plate, on which the resistive element is extended, and which resistive element is arranged to be placed under the influence of an electrical voltage. The invention is wherein the resistive element and the said base have the same or essentially the same coefficients of thermal expansion, and in that the resistive element has been bound to the substrate by sintering.

Abstract: A method of handling liquid non-ferrous metals after smelting. The liquid metal is in contact with a solid refractory material, and in the absence of electrical currents passing through the liquid-metal-contacting surfaces. The solid material is Ti3SiC2. The liquid non-ferrous material can be aluminum or an aluminum alloy, magnesium or a magnesium alloy, or other non-ferrous materials as to which the Ti3SiC2 material is stable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material for use at temperatures exceeding 1200° C. and in oxidizing atmospheres consisting generally of an alloy between a metal, aluminium (Al) and carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). The invention is characterized in that the alloy has a composition MZAlYXW where M essentially consists of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) and/or niobium (Nb) and where X is carbon (C) or where X is nitrogen (N) and/or carbon (C) when M is titanium (Ti); and in that z lies in the range of 1.8 to 2.2, y lies in the range of 0.8-1.2 and w lies in the range 0.8-1.2, and wherein a protective oxide layer of Al2O3 is formed after heating to the mentioned temperature.

Abstract: A method of handling liquid non-ferrous metals after smelting. The liquid metal is in contact with a solid refractory material, and in the absence of electrical currents passing through the liquid-metal-contacting surfaces. The solid material is Ti3SiC2. The liquid non-ferrous material can be aluminum or an aluminum alloy, magnesium or a magnesium alloy, or other non-ferrous materials as to which the Ti3SiC2 material is stable.

Abstract: A method for the production of a heating element that is composed essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys of that basic material, and a heating element formed from such material. A material is produced that contains substantially Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3 by mixing a molybdenum aluminum silicide Mo(Si1-yAly)2 with bentonite clay in a known manner. The bentonite clay contains impure or contaminating substances with which molybdenum silicide cannot be alloyed and with which the symmetry of the crystal lattice of the molybdenum silicide is retained with a combined content of less than 2000 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material for use at temperatures exceeding 1200° C. and in oxidizing atmospheres consisting generally of an alloy between a metal, aluminium (Al) and carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). The invention is characterized in that the alloy has a composition MzAlyXw where M essentially consists of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) and/or niobium (Nb) and where X is carbon (C) or where X is nitrogen (N) and/or carbon (C) when M is titanium (Ti); and in that z lies in the range of 1.8 to 2.2. y has in the range of 0.8-1.2 and w lies in the range 0.8-1.2, and wherein a protective oxide layer of Al2O3 is formed after heating to the mentioned temperature.

Abstract: A method of producing a heating element made from molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, and which includes aluminum oxide on its surface. A material is produced that contains substantially Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3 by mixing a mixture of a silicon and molybdenum compound with an aluminum compound. Either of the silicon and molybdenum compounds include Mo(Si1-yAly)2 and are mixed with one or both of an aluminum compound in the form of Al2O3 or Al(OH)3 and optionally the compounds SiO2, Si, and MoO3, or by virtue of the mixture of the silicon and molybdenum compound containing MoO3 and Al and Si and/or SiO2. The input components together have a degree of purity corresponding to at least 98%. The mixture reacts exothermically and/or by being sintered, so that exchange reactions take place to form the compounds Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3, where x lies in the range of 0.4–0.6.

Abstract: A method of producing a single-phase composition Mn+1AzXn, primarily the production of the single-phase material Ti3SiC2, where n lies within a range of 0.8-3.2, where z lies within a range of 0.8-1.2, where M is at least one metal taken from the group of metals Ti (titanium), Sc (scandium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum), where X is at least one of the non-metals C (carbon) and N nitrogen), and where A is at least one of the chemical elements Si (silicon), Al (aluminum) and Sn (tin) or a compound of those elements, such that the final, desired compound will include the components Mn+1AzXn. A powder mixture of the components is formed and is ignited under an inert atmosphere to prevent promotion of dissociation and to cause the components to react.

Abstract: A method for the production of a heating element that is composed essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys of that basic material, and a heating element formed from such material. A material is produced that contains substantially Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3 by mixing a molybdenum aluminum silicide Mo(Si1-yAly)2 with bentonite clay in a known manner. The bentonite clay contains impure or contaminating substances with which molybdenum silicide cannot be alloyed and with which the symmetry of the crystal lattice of the molybdenum silicide is retained with a combined content of less than 2000 ppm.

Abstract: A method of producing a heating element made from molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, and which includes aluminum oxide on its surface. A material is produced that contains substantially Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3 by mixing a mixture of a silicon and molybdenum compound with m aluminum compound. Either of the silicon and molybdenum compounds include Mo(Si1-yAly)2 and are mixed with one or both of an aluminum compound in the form of Al2O3 or Al(OH)3 and optionally the compounds SiO2, Si, and MoO3, or by virtue of the mixture of the silicon and molybdenum compound containing MoO3 and Al and Si and/or SiO2. The input components together have a degree of purity corresponding to at least 98%. The mixture reacts exothermically and/or by being sintered, so that exchange reactions take place to form the compounds Mo(Si1-xAlx)2 and Al2O3, where x lies in the range of 0.4-0.6.

Abstract: A method of increasing the useful life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, wherein the heating elements operate at high temperatures in heat treatment processes and generally rest against the floor and/or the ceiling of a furnace. The heating elements contain aluminum to an extent sufficient to maintain a stable, slowly growing layer of aluminum oxide on the surfaces of the heating elements, and the heating elements are placed in direct abutment with an aluminum oxide brick material.

Abstract: A method of increasing the length of life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum-silicide, and alloys thereof, when the elements are operated at a low temperature, such as at a temperature ranging from 400-600° C. The heating element material contains Mo(Si1-xAlx)2, and that material contains sufficient aluminum to substantially prevent the formation of pest.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heating element operable at extremely high temperature, up 2300° C. when used in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere, and up to bout 1200° C. when used in an oxidizing atmosphere. The element is formed substantially from titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2), which is readily workable to enable it to be produced in different forms. It also has a higher mechanical strength than that of graphite heating elements.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heating element operable at extremely high temperatures, up to about 2300° C. when used in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere, and up to about 1200° C. when used in an oxidizing atmosphere. The element is formed substantially from titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2), which is readily workable to enable it to be produced in different forms.

Abstract: A method of producing a single-phase composition Mn+1AzXn, primarily the production of the single-phase material Ti3SiC2, where n lies within a range of 0.8-3.2, where z lies within a range of 0.8-1.2, where M is at least one metal taken from the group of metals Ti (titanium), Sc (scandium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum), where X is at least one of the non-metals C (carbon) and N nitrogen), and where A is at least one of the chemical elements Si (silicon), Al (aluminum) and Sn (tin) or a compound of those elements, such that the final, desired compound will include the components Mn+1AzXn. A powder mixture of the components is formed and is ignited under an inert atmosphere to prevent promotion of dissociation and to cause the components to react.

Abstract: A method of increasing the useful life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, wherein the heating elements operate at high temperatures in heat treatment processes and generally rest against the floor and/or the ceiling of a furnace. The heating elements contain aluminum to an extent sufficient to maintain a stable, slowly growing layer of aluminum oxide on the surfaces of the heating elements, and the heating elements are placed in direct abutment with an aluminum oxide brick material.