Abstract: Motion vector estimation is provided for generating and displaying images at a frame rate that is greater than a rendering frame rate. The displayed images may include late stage graphical adjustments of pre-rendered scenes that incorporate motion vector estimations. A head-mounted display (HMD) device may determine a predicted pose associated with a future position and orientation of the HMD, render a current frame based on the predicted pose, determine a set of motion vectors based on the current frame and a previous frame, generate an updated image based on the set of motion vectors and the current frame, and display the updated image on the HMD. In one embodiment, the HMD may determine an updated pose associated with the HMD subsequent to or concurrent with generating the current frame, and generate the updated image based on the updated pose and the set of motion vectors.