Abstract: Provided herein are cheese and yogurt compositions and the methods of making the same using one or more recombinant proteins.

Abstract: Provided herein are cheese and yogurt compositions and the methods of making the same using one or more recombinant proteins.

Abstract: An apparatus in the form of a chip is provided wherein the apparatus is prepared with decellularized extracellular matrix from various tissues and can be used to investigate the cellular interactions between the ECM and the various cell types. Three dimensional culture methods for investigating decellularized extracellular matrix from various tissues and interactions with various mammalian cell types are also provided. Methods of use of cells grown using the apparatus and methods disclosed are also provided.

Abstract: A hybrid space and water heating heat pump system includes a heat pump including an outdoor assembly and an indoor assembly; a hot water module including a first heat exchanger, a controller, and a water pump connected to a water line, the first heat exchanger being configured for heating water; and a water heater in fluid communication with the hot water module, the water heater configured for receiving heated water from the first heat exchanger; wherein the controller is configured to select between one of conditioning an interior space or heating of the water in the first heat exchanger; and wherein the heat pump is configured for circulating a refrigerant through a first refrigerant circuit in response to the conditioning of the interior space and circulating the refrigerant through a second refrigerant circuit in response to the heating of the water in the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment, the invention is a system for creating micropores in the skin for transdermal drug delivery through the micropores and includes: a chemical that dissolves or breaks down superficial layers of skin; a chemical delivery element that holds and delivers controlled volumes of the chemical to skin, creating micropores; and a base that is able to temporarily couple to skin, contains the chemical delivery elements, and may activate the chemical delivery elements to administer the chemical to skin. In the preferred embodiment, the invention is a method for delivering drugs transdermally that includes providing a carrier containing a chemical delivery element with a chemical to break down superficial layers of skin; placing the carrier into contact with skin; activating the chemical delivery element; allowing the chemical to break down superficial layers of skin and creating micropores; and providing a drug to be delivered transdermally through the micropores.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment, the invention is a system for creating micropores in the skin for transdermal drug delivery through the micropores and includes: a chemical that dissolves or breaks down superficial layers of skin; a chemical delivery element that holds and delivers controlled volumes of the chemical to skin, creating micropores; and a base that is able to temporarily couple to skin, contains the chemical delivery elements, and may activate the chemical delivery elements to administer the chemical to skin. In the preferred embodiment, the invention is a method for delivering drugs transdermally that includes providing a carrier containing a chemical delivery element with a chemical to break down superficial layers of skin; placing the carrier into contact with skin; activating the chemical delivery element; allowing the chemical to break down superficial layers of skin and creating micropores; and providing a drug to be delivered transdermally through the micropores.

Abstract: The modular base for a playing structure, such as a toy building set, includes a first planar member, or tile base, having attachment fittings on its bottom for removable attachment to a substructure, such as a lattice. The top of the first planar member has attachment fittings thereon. Preferably, each of the attachment fittings on the top of the first planar member are aligned with one of the attachment fittings on the bottom to form a common opening through the first planar member. The modular base also includes a second planar member, or tile, having attachment fittings on its bottom. The attachment fittings are preferably protrusions that are most preferably clover leaf in shape and have an interference fit with the attachment fittings on the top of the first planar member that are most preferably square openings.

Abstract: A modular building for a toy building set includes a planar member, or foundation, having raised ribs on its top and a wall member having a wall portion and a base portion. The wall portion of the wall member is substantially orthogonal to the base portion of the wall member. The base portion of the wall member has a cleft therein sized to receive one of the ribs of the foundation to removably attach the wall member to the foundations. A substantially planar coupler connects at least two or more of the foundation. The coupler has at least two clefts therein. The clefts are sized to receive the ribs on each of the two foundations for removable attachment of the foundation to the coupler.

Abstract: The modular lattice substructure for a playing structure, such as a toy building set, includes elongate beams, elongate joists, and columns having a height greater than the height of the elongate beams and joists. The sides of the columns have a protrusion connector removably attachable to a slot connector in the ends of the elongate beams and the ends of the elongate joists.

Abstract: The modular terrain for a playing structure, such as a toy building set, includes a plurality of terrain pieces. Some of the terrain pieces have a flat exterior edge. The flat exterior edge is only matable with a flat exterior edge on another of the terrain pieces. The flat exterior edge has spaced longitudinal end points. The flat exterior edge has no change in height between the spaced longitudinal end points. The distance between the spaced longitudinal end points of the flat exterior edge is one of Y, .sqroot.2Y and 2.sqroot.2Y. Some of the terrain pieces have a hill exterior edge. The hill exterior edge is only matable with a hill exterior edge on another of the terrain pieces. The hill exterior edge has spaced longitudinal end points. The hill exterior edge has a change in height between the spaced longitudinal end points of X. The distance between the spaced longitudinal end points of the hill exterior edge is Y. Some of the terrain pieces have a slope exterior edge.

Abstract: A toy vehicular drive apparatus includes a first roadway having an electrically conductive underside and a second roadway having an electrically conductive top and being under the first roadway. A subsurface powered vehicle is movable on the second roadway and has electrically conductive elements in contact with the electrically conductive underside of the first roadway and in contact with the electrically conductive top of the second roadway. A power source connected to the first roadway and the second roadway electrically energizes the first roadway and the second roadway to provide power to the powered subsurface vehicle. The toy vehicular drive apparatus also includes a surface vehicle movable on the top of the first roadway. A magnet on the surface vehicle and a magnet on the powered subsurface vehicle provide interconnection of the surface vehicle and the powered subsurface vehicle to cause movement of the surface vehicle in response to movement of the powered subsurface vehicle.