Abstract: A panel including a first layer including fragments from a first blend of paper fragments of a first size and plastic fragments of a second size, a second layer including fragments from a second blend of paper fragments of a third size and plastic fragments of a fourth size, the third size being different from the first size, and the fourth size being different from the second size, and a third layer comprising fragments from the first blend. The second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer.

Abstract: A method may include forming a mat including paper fragments, plastic fragments, and top and bottom outer surface layers, wherein the outer surface layers have maximum processing temperature values and consolidating the formed mat in a continuous hot press including three pairs of opposing top and bottom heating platens. A first pair of heating platens has a first heating power. A second pair of heating platens has a second, lower heating power. A third pair of heating platens has a third, even lower heating power. The method may include consolidating the formed mat in a continuous cold press including three pairs of opposing top and bottom heating platens. A first pair of cooling platens has a first cooling power. A second pair of cooling platens has a second, lower cooling power. A third pair of cooling platens and has a third, even lower cooling power.

Abstract: A panel and a method for manufacturing thereof where the panel includes a first layer comprising a first blend of paper fragments and plastic fragments; a second layer comprising a second blend of paper fragments and plastic fragments, wherein the paper fragments and plastic fragments of the second blend are coated with an adhesive; and a third layer comprising the first blend of paper fragments and plastic fragments, wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer, and wherein the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are combined to form the panel using heat and pressure. In another embodiment, the paper fragments and plastic fragments of the first blend, not the second blend, are coated with an adhesive.

Abstract: A panel and a method for manufacturing thereof where the panel includes a first layer comprising a first blend of paper fragments and plastic fragments; a second layer comprising a second blend of paper fragments and plastic fragments, wherein the paper fragments and plastic fragments of the second blend are coated with an adhesive; and a third layer comprising the first blend of paper fragments and plastic fragments, wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer, and wherein the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are combined to form the panel using heat and pressure. In another embodiment, the paper fragments and plastic fragments of the first blend, not the second blend, are coated with an adhesive.

Abstract: A method of detecting periodic activity patterns associated with the viewing of audio video content is described. The method includes: recording activity data in an activity log; suppressing the activity log one or more times to suppress non-relevant activity data thereby producing one or more sets of suppressed activity data; passing the one or more sets of suppressed activity data through a signal processing function to convert the one or more sets of suppressed activity data to one or more frequency responses; and analyzing the one or more frequency responses to detect the periodic activity patterns. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A content viewing estimation system including a module to receive a time measurement of how long at least part of a content item was rendered by an end-user rendering unit and outputted for display to an audio-visual outputting arrangement during a time window, a module to determine user interaction with the end-user rendering unit and/or the audio-visual outputting arrangement, a module to calculate an average content item duration of a plurality of content items rendered by the end-user rendering unit during the time window, and a module to estimate viewing by the user of the at least part content item such that if user interaction was not determined during the time window then time attributed to the viewing of the at least part content item is set to the minimum of a capping limit, the time measurement, and the average content item duration. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: An end-user rendering system including an advertisement database to receive advertisements, and store the advertisements therein, a state database to store information, a decision model optimization module to receive a tree-type decision model and optimize the tree-type decision model based on at least some of the information stored in the state database, an advertisement decision module to evaluate the optimized tree-type decision model and select an advertising campaign, the selected advertising campaign having at least one advertisement, and a rendering module to render the at least one advertisement of the selected advertising campaign. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A content viewing estimation system including a module to receive a time measurement of how long at least part of a content item was rendered by an end-user rendering unit and outputted for display to an audio-visual outputting arrangement during a time window, a module to determine user interaction with the end-user rendering unit and/or the audio-visual outputting arrangement, a module to calculate an average content item duration of a plurality of content items rendered by the end-user rendering unit during the time window, and a module to estimate viewing by the user of the at least part content item such that if user interaction was not determined during the time window then time attributed to the viewing of the at least part content item is set to the minimum of a capping limit, the time measurement, and the average content item duration. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A method of detecting periodic activity patterns associated with the viewing of audio video content is described. The method includes: recording activity data in an activity log; suppressing the activity log one or more times to suppress non-relevant activity data thereby producing one or more sets of suppressed activity data; passing the one or more sets of suppressed activity data through a signal processing function to convert the one or more sets of suppressed activity data to one or more frequency responses; and analysing the one or more frequency responses to detect the periodic activity patterns. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: An end-user rendering system including an advertisement database to receive advertisements, and store the advertisements therein, a state database to store information, a decision model optimization module to receive a tree-type decision model and optimize the tree-type decision model based on at least some of the information stored in the state database, an advertisement decision module to evaluate the optimized tree-type decision model and select an advertising campaign, the selected advertising campaign having at least one advertisement, and a rendering module to render the at least one advertisement of the selected advertising campaign. Related apparatus and methods are also described.