Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pH-sensor for determining and/or monitoring a pH value of a medium, having a sensor unit with a wall in contact with the medium, and at least one pH-sensitive material, which has at least one spin state that changes as a function of a pH value. The at least one pH-sensitive material is arranged in or on a region of the wall in such a way that the at least one spin state is subjected to a change in the pH value of the medium. The pH-sensor also includes a spin-sensitive unit, which is configured to detect a variable associated with the at least one spin state, wherein the spin-sensitive unit is arranged in an environment of the at least one pH-sensitive material such that the spin-sensitive unit is subjected to a change in the spin state of the at least one pH-sensitive material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing an ion-selective sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, the sensor element having a sensor element body and at least one glass layer arranged on the sensor element body, the method comprising applying the at least one glass layer to the sensor element body by means of a thermal spraying method, in which a powder of glass particles is sprayed onto the sensor element body.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, comprising a substrate formed from a metal alloy and an ion-selective enamel layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the metal alloy comprises at least one transition metal and wherein the ion-selective enamel layer contains a proportion of an oxide of the transition metal, and wherein an electrically conductive transition zone is arranged between the substrate and the enamel layer and contains the transition metal in a plurality of different oxidation states.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring a pH value of a measuring liquid includes: a sensor element comprising a surface adapted to contact the measuring liquid; a radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic transmission radiation reaching the sensor element, wherein at least a portion of the transmission radiation is converted into measuring radiation by reflection and/or scattering in the region of the surface; a radiation receiver configured to receive the measuring radiation and convert it into electrical signals; and a measuring circuit connected to the radiation receiver and configured to determine a measured value representing the pH value of the measuring liquid from signals of the radiation receiver, wherein the surface adapted to contact the measuring liquid includes a pH-sensitive component and a SERS-active component.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring a pH value of a measuring liquid includes: a sensor element including a surface adapted to the measuring liquid; a radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic transmission radiation to the sensor element, wherein at least a portion of the transmission radiation is converted into measurement radiation by reflection and/or scattering in a region of the surface; a radiation receiver configured to receive the measurement radiation and convert it into electrical signals; and a measuring circuit configured to determine the pH value from signals, wherein a wavelength of at least a portion of the transmission radiation generates charge carriers in at least a surface region or a near-surface region of the surface of the sensor element as to effect a photoelectrochemical reaction with formation of hydrogen at the surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a potentiometric probe for measuring a measured variable that represents an ion concentration in a measuring medium, including a probe base including a sensor circuit, and two electrochemical half-cells arranged such that one of the half-cells surrounds at least one portion of the other half-cell, wherein at least one of the half-cells is configured as a module which is connected to the probe base via a mechanical and electrical interface. In another embodiment, one of the half-cells is a measuring half-cell including an ion-selective membrane and a terminal lead which electrically contacts the ion-selective membrane. The other half-cell is a reference half-cell, wherein the measuring half-cell and/or the reference half-cell are each configured as a module which is connected to the probe base via a mechanical and electrical interface.

Abstract: A half cell for an electrochemical sensor includes: a housing having a chamber, wherein the chamber includes an electrolyte; an electrically conductive lead in contact with the electrolyte; and a closure element connecting the lead to the housing, wherein the lead has a coating, and the coating includes molecules including a first functional group, which enables the molecule to interact chemically with the lead, and a second functional group different from the first functional group, which enables the molecule to interact chemically with the closure element, wherein a first portion of the molecules with the first functional group are in an intermolecular connection with the lead and the first portion of the molecules and/or a second portion of the molecules with the second functional group are in an intermolecular connection with the closure element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, comprising: conditioning at least one region of a substrate, which consists of copper or a copper-based alloy having a mass fraction of at least 60% of copper, for producing an oxide layer comprising monovalent copper (Cu(I)), and applying an ion-selective, in particular a pH-selective enamel layer at least onto the region of the substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pH-sensor for determining and/or monitoring a pH value of a medium, having a sensor unit with a wall in contact with the medium, and at least one pH-sensitive material, which has at least one spin state that changes as a function of a pH value. The at least one pH-sensitive material is arranged in or on a region of the wall in such a way that the at least one spin state is subjected to a change in the pH value of the medium. The pH-sensor also includes a spin-sensitive unit, which is configured to detect a variable associated with the at least one spin state, wherein the spin-sensitive unit is arranged in an environment of the at least one pH-sensitive material such that the spin-sensitive unit is subjected to a change in the spin state of the at least one pH-sensitive material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, including a substrate and an ion-selective enamel layer arranged on the substrate. The substrate has at least one region which is electroconductively connected to the ion-selective enamel layer. The region of the substrate, which is electroconductively connected to the sensor layer, is made of a copper-based alloy having a mass fraction of at least 60% of copper.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an ion-selective electrode for an electrochemical sensor for determining a measurand representing a concentration of an analyte in a measuring medium, including a probe body made of a first material and a sensor element including a base body made of a second material different from the first material and an ion-selective layer arranged on the base body. The probe body is connected to the base body by way of a liquid-tight joint, where the joint is formed by a receptacle, serving as a first joining partner, and a joining section protruding into the receptacle, serving as a second joining partner.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes to a sensor element including a membrane having a first functionalized region and a second functionalized region and including a sensor element body on which the membrane rests. The sensor element body has at least one electrically conductive first conductor and an electrically conductive second conductor electrically insulated from the first conductor. The first conductor is electrically and/or electrolytically conductively connected to the first functionalized region of the membrane, and the second conductor is electrically and/or electrolytically conductively connected to the second functionalized region of the membrane. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for fabricating such a sensor element is disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrode of an electrochemical measuring system and includes a housing having a chamber in which an electrolyte is arranged, and a potential-forming element which is at least partially arranged in the chamber such that the electrolyte at least partially wets the potential-forming element. A discharge line is made of coinage metal or of an alloy comprising a coinage metal and contacts the potential-forming element. A closure element closes the housing and guides discharge line therethrough. An adhesion promoter which comprises a glass and/or a glass-ceramic material and is arranged between the closure element and the discharge line.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a reference electrode including an electrical conductor, an electrically conductive salt bridge provided for contact with a measuring fluid, and a medium electrically conductively connecting the electrical conductor and the salt bridge to each other, wherein the medium and the electrical conductor are completely isolated with respect to the measuring fluid. The salt bridge comprises a polymer matrix and a conducting salt, the conducting salt is formed from a cation and an anion, and the cation and/or the anion are at least partially kept from leaching in the polymer matrix. The present disclosure further relates to an electrochemical sensor, a method for producing the reference electrode and a method for regenerating and/or conditioning the reference electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a glass electrode including an analyte-sensitive glass membrane, an electrically conductive lead, and an intermediate layer which conductively connects the lead and the glass membrane to one another. According to the present disclosure, the intermediate layer is made of an electron- and/or ion-conducting polymer.

Abstract: A half cell for an electrochemical sensor includes: a housing having a chamber, wherein the chamber includes an electrolyte; an electrically conductive lead in contact with the electrolyte; and a closure element connecting the lead to the housing, wherein the lead has a coating, and the coating includes molecules including a first functional group, which enables the molecule to interact chemically with the lead, and a second functional group different from the first functional group, which enables the molecule to interact chemically with the closure element, wherein a first portion of the molecules with the first functional group are in an intermolecular connection with the lead and the first portion of the molecules and/or a second portion of the molecules with the second functional group are in an intermolecular connection with the closure element.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a glass assembly, for forming an electrochemical sensor, comprising a glass immersion tube, a glass membrane connected to a distal end of the immersion tube, wherein the glass which forms the immersion tube contains no lead, no lead compound, no lithium, and no lithium compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, comprising a substrate formed from a metal alloy and an ion-selective enamel layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the metal alloy comprises at least one transition metal and wherein the ion-selective enamel layer contains a proportion of an oxide of the transition metal, and wherein an electrically conductive transition zone is arranged between the substrate and the enamel layer and contains the transition metal in a plurality of different oxidation states.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing an ion-selective sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, the sensor element having a sensor element body and at least one glass layer arranged on the sensor element body, the method comprising applying the at least one glass layer to the sensor element body by means of a thermal spraying method, in which a powder of glass particles is sprayed onto the sensor element body.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a sensor element for measuring a measurand that is dependent on an ion activity in a measuring fluid, comprising: joining a carrier body comprising a base body made of a liquid-impermeable, electrically insulating ceramic material, wherein the base body has at least one through-opening that is introduced, especially in at least one defined location of the base body, to a sensor element body formed of an ion-selective, especially pH-selective, glass such that a surface of the carrier body contacts the sensor element body and is integrally joined to the sensor element body at least at individual fixation points, especially across the entire surface thereof.