Abstract: ELISA-type assays, lateral flow test strips, methods, and systems are provided for detecting APOL1 G0 in bodily samples including blood, serum, or plasma to provide a rapid rule-in test for the ApoL1 G0 genotype. The assays exploit the differential affinity of serum resistance-associated protein (SRA) for wild-type APOL1 (designated ‘G0’) over the other variants G1 and G2 to specifically detect APOL1 G0. Results with human plasma samples (N=130) from all six genotypes (G0/G0, G0/G1, G0/G2, G1/G2, G2/G2, G1/G1) show the assay can detect APOL1 G0 from plasma with 100% concordance with genotyping. The assay fulfills an unmet need for a rapid test (i.e., within about an hour) for determining APOL1 variant status in deceased kidney donors which represent 72% of donated kidneys.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating conditions associated with voltage-gated sodium channel function, for example conditions associated with pain. The compounds are 10?,11?-modified saxitoxins. The compounds are optionally additionally modified at carbon 13. In certain embodiments, the 10?,11?-modified saxitoxins are of Formula I: where R1, R2 and R3 are as described herein. Also provided herein are methods of treating pain in a mammal comprising administering an effective treatment amount of a 10?,11? modified saxitoxin or composition to a mammal. In an embodiment, the mammal is a human.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating conditions associated with voltage-gated sodium channel function, for example conditions associated with pain. The compounds are 10?,11?-modified saxitoxins. The compounds are optionally additionally modified at carbon 13. In certain embodiments, the 10?,11?-modified saxitoxins are of Formula I: where R1, R2 and R3 are as described herein. Also provided herein are methods of treating pain in a mammal comprising administering an effective treatment amount of a 10?,11? modified saxitoxin or composition to a mammal. In an embodiment, the mammal is a human.