Abstract: A battery system includes a battery comprising a full cell having a composite electrode with a composition that includes an actual blend ratio of one or more electrode materials; a memory configured to store an optimization table; a measurement circuit coupled to the full cell and configured to measure an actual open circuit voltage (OCV) of the full cell; and at least one processor configured to: calculate a predicted OCV of the full cell that based on the optimization table and one or more optimization parameters, including a predicted blend ratio of the composite electrode, compare the actual OCV with the predicted OCV to generate an error value, compare the error value with a threshold value, determine whether the predicted blend ratio corresponds to the actual blend ratio of the composite electrode based on whether the error value satisfies the threshold value.

Abstract: Techniques are described for using machine learning to extract physics-based cell model parameters from battery charge data provided by the battery module of the battery management system. This data may be processed via machine learning techniques in order to periodically update or adapt a physics-based model that may capture cell electrical dynamics and degradation mechanisms. The techniques may utilize a “digital twin” to adaptively charge the battery while preserving the life of the cells.

Abstract: In some implementations, a thermal runaway prediction system may simulate a battery abuse event via a structural deformation model. The thermal runaway prediction system may apply an output of the structural deformation model to an electrochemical model, a battery cell model, and a battery module model. The thermal runaway prediction system may predict a thermal runaway event in accordance with the output of the structural deformation model and an output of the electrochemical model, an output of the battery cell model, and an output of the battery module model.

Abstract: An electric vehicle may include a battery module including a battery cell, and one or more controllers. The controller(s) may be configured to detect a charging of the battery cell. The controller(s) may be configured to obtain, based on detection of the charging, charging data associated with the charging. The charging data may indicate at least one of a voltage, a current, or a temperature associated with the battery cell during the charging. The controller(s) may be configured to transmit the charging data to a device remote from the electric vehicle to cause the device to estimate an SOH, an RUL, and/or a performance indicator for the battery cell based on the charging data. The controller(s) may be configured to receive an indication, based on the performance indicator, that indicates the SOH and/or the RUL, or that indicates a request for additional data associated with the battery cell.

Abstract: A positive electrode including a plurality of electroactive particles defining an electroactive layer is provided. A first lithium-containing coating is disposed on one or more surfaces of the electroactive layer. The first lithium-containing coating covers between about 30% and about 50% of a total exposed surface area of the electroactive layer. A second lithium-containing coating encompasses at least one electroactive particle of the plurality of electroactive particles. The second lithium-containing coating covers between about 95% and about 100% of the at least one electroactive particle. The first and second lithium-containing coatings each have a thickness between about 0.2 nm and about 5 nm. The positive electrode further includes an electrolyte additive that aids in the formation of a first passivation layer on exposed surfaces of the first lithium-containing coating, and a second passivation layer on exposed surfaces of the second lithium-containing coating.

Abstract: A positive electrode including a plurality of electroactive particles defining an electroactive layer is provided. A first lithium-containing coating is disposed on one or more surfaces of the electroactive layer. The first lithium-containing coating covers between about 30% and about 50% of a total exposed surface area of the electroactive layer. A second lithium-containing coating encompasses at least one electroactive particle of the plurality of electroactive particles. The second lithium-containing coating covers between about 95% and about 100% of the at least one electroactive particle. The first and second lithium-containing coatings each have a thickness between about 0.2 nm and about 5 nm. The positive electrode further includes an electrolyte additive that aids in the formation of a first passivation layer on exposed surfaces of the first lithium-containing coating, and a second passivation layer on exposed surfaces of the second lithium-containing coating.

Abstract: A storage tank for a gas is provided. The storage tank includes a liner defining an internal compartment; a boss coupled to the liner; an interlayer covering a portion of the boss and the liner, the interlayer being non-pyrolyzed and including an interconnected web and pores having a diameter greater than the diameter of a hydrogen molecule and less than or equal to about 2 nm; and an outer shell including a carbon fiber reinforced composite, the outer shell covering the interlayer, except for an interlayer end that is in contact with the boss, so that the interlayer end defines an interlayer ring that is exposed to an external environment. The storage tank is configured so that when gas diffuses through the liner to the interlayer, the interlayer channels the gas out of the exposed interlayer ring. Methods of fabricating the storage tank are also provided.

Abstract: A storage tank for pressurized gas includes a liner defining an interior cavity for storing the pressurized gas. The storage tank further includes a nanoporous carbon shell formed from at least one pyrolyzed polymer. The liner is disposed at an inner side of the nanoporous carbon shell. The storage tank further includes a carbon fiber reinforced polymer layer disposed on an outer side of the nanoporous carbon shell opposite from the liner. The nanoporous carbon shell has an exposed surface at an exterior of the storage tank and is configured to permit gas permeated through the liner from the interior cavity to diffuse through the nanoporous carbon shell to the exposed surface.

Abstract: Pressure vessels having a grooved liner and methods of forming the same are described. The pressure vessel includes a liner surrounding a cavity therein, an outer surface of the liner disposed opposite the cavity, a boss disposed at a first end of the liner, a composite layer surrounding the liner, an inner surface of the composite layer disposed proximate the liner, and a plurality of longitudinal grooves configured to release gas present between the inner surface of the composite layer and the outer surface of the liner. The liner defines a longitudinal axis therethrough. The boss and the outer surface of the liner define the plurality of longitudinal grooves therein. The plurality of longitudinal grooves extends along the longitudinal axis from the boss toward a second end of the liner. The composite layer spans each of the plurality of longitudinal grooves.

Abstract: A storage tank for a gas is provided. The storage tank includes a liner defining an internal compartment; a boss coupled to the liner; an interlayer covering a portion of the boss and the liner, the interlayer being non-pyrolyzed and including an interconnected web and pores having a diameter greater than the diameter of a hydrogen molecule and less than or equal to about 2 nm; and an outer shell including a carbon fiber reinforced composite, the outer shell covering the interlayer, except for an interlayer end that is in contact with the boss, so that the interlayer end defines an interlayer ring that is exposed to an external environment. The storage tank is configured so that when gas diffuses through the liner to the interlayer, the interlayer channels the gas out of the exposed interlayer ring. Methods of fabricating the storage tank are also provided.

Abstract: A storage tank for pressurized gas includes a liner defining an interior cavity for storing the pressurized gas. The storage tank further includes a nanoporous carbon shell formed from at least one pyrolyzed polymer. The liner is disposed at an inner side of the nanoporous carbon shell. The storage tank further includes a carbon fiber reinforced polymer layer disposed on an outer side of the nanoporous carbon shell opposite from the liner. The nanoporous carbon shell has an exposed surface at an exterior of the storage tank and is configured to permit gas permeated through the liner from the interior cavity to diffuse through the nanoporous carbon shell to the exposed surface.

Abstract: Pressure vessels having a grooved liner and methods of forming the same are described. The pressure vessel includes a liner surrounding a cavity therein, an outer surface of the liner disposed opposite the cavity, a boss disposed at a first end of the liner, a composite layer surrounding the liner, an inner surface of the composite layer disposed proximate the liner, and a plurality of longitudinal grooves configured to release gas present between the inner surface of the composite layer and the outer surface of the liner. The liner defines a longitudinal axis therethrough. The boss and the outer surface of the liner define the plurality of longitudinal grooves therein. The plurality of longitudinal grooves extends along the longitudinal axis from the boss toward a second end of the liner. The composite layer spans each of the plurality of longitudinal grooves.

Abstract: A system configured to promote goods and/or services from a business to a user via a network and an interface device of the user. The system provides a method to offer a gift from the business to the user, allow the user to transfer or share the gift with another user, and allow the user to redeem the gift at the business. The system also provides a method to obtain and transmit information related to the user to the merchant.

Abstract: A system configured to promote goods and/or services from a business to a user via a network and an interface device of the user. The system provides a method to offer a gift from the business to the user, allow the user to transfer or share the gift with another user, and allow the user to redeem the gift at the business. The system also provides a method to obtain and transmit information related to the user to the merchant.