Abstract: A bionanofluid includes a carbon-based nanomaterial substantially mono-dispersed in a fluid. The carbon-based nanomaterial is surface modified with a polar group when the fluid is polar or with a non-polar group when the fluid is non-polar, and functionalized with a biological targeting moiety to allow specific association of the carbon-based nanomaterial to a targeted entity. A hybrid bionanofluid includes the bionanofluid, with the carbon-based nanomaterial further modified with a hybrid nanoparticle which includes an alloy, transition metal, semi-conductor, semi-metal or polymer based nanoparticle with biological targeting moiety. A hydrogel, foam, cream, spray or dried product includes the bionanofluid or hybrid bionanofluid. The bionanofluid or hybrid bionanofluid are useful in multimodal imaging (photo-luminescence, luminescence, photo-acoustic, MRI, ultrasound) and/or cellular targeting.

Abstract: A bionanofluid includes a carbon-based nanomaterial substantially mono-dispersed in a fluid. The carbon-based nanomaterial is surface modified with a polar group when the fluid is polar or with a non-polar group when the fluid is non-polar, and functionalized with a biological targeting moiety to allow specific association of the carbon-based nanomaterial to a targeted entity. A hybrid bionanofluid includes the bionanofluid, with the carbon-based nanomaterial further modified with a hybrid nanoparticle which includes an alloy, transition metal, semi-conductor, semi-metal or polymer based nanoparticle with biological targeting moiety. A hydrogel, foam, cream, spray or dried product includes the bionanofluid or hybrid bionanofluid. The bionanofluid or hybrid bionanofluid are useful in multimodal imaging (photo-luminescence, luminescence, photo-acoustic, MRI, ultrasound) and/or cellular targeting.

Abstract: Reference images from one or more OCT scanners are correlated with associated OCT scan data, which is in turn registered and correlated to a wide field image so as to present the OCT scan data registered and aligned to the correct location on the wide field image so as to permit displaying OCT scan data taken at different times or on different machines on a single screen all registered to the wide field image.

Abstract: An Internet-enabled software engine is provided on a global server to provide remote viewing and manipulation of ophthalmic exams, with the Internet-enabled software engine being an instantiation of the functionability of the OCT machine on which the exam is performed, and with the Internet-enabled software engine providing both remote viewing of OCT exams and manipulation of this data, thus to give a user the ability to view and manipulate the dense data sets associated with ophthalmic exams anywhere in the world with ease.

Abstract: An Internet-enabled software engine is provided on a global server to provide remote viewing and manipulation of ophthalmic exams, with the Internet-enabled software engine being an instantiation of the functionability of the OCT machine on which the exam is performed, and with the Internet-enabled software engine providing both remote viewing of OCT exams and manipulation of this data, thus to give a user the ability to view and manipulate the dense data sets associated with ophthalmic exams anywhere in the world with ease.

Abstract: Reference images from one or more OCT scanners are correlated with associated OCT scan data, which is in turn registered and correlated to a wide field image so as to present the OCT scan data registered and aligned to the correct location on the wide field image so as to permit displaying OCT scan data taken at different times or on different machines on a single screen all registered to the wide field image.

Abstract: An Internet-enabled software engine is provided on a global server to provide remote viewing and manipulation of ophthalmic exams, with the Internet-enabled software engine being an instantiation of the functionability of the OCT machine on which the exam is performed, and with the Internet-enabled software engine providing both remote viewing of OCT exams and manipulation of this data, thus to give a user the ability to view and manipulate the dense data sets associated with ophthalmic exams anywhere in the world with ease.

Abstract: For optical coherence tomography engines a method for eliminating the effects of the movement of the eye on the optical coherence tomography scan calculates the motion of the eye from an image from an auxiliary scanning system and compares a reference region to a corresponding region in the image associated with the next frame, with the change in position sensing the motion of the eye. This is followed by utilizing this sensed motion to generate accurate offsets for the scanning mirror patterns of the OCT engine. Additionally, scan skipping is utilized to obviate the effects of rapid eye movement that occur at rates faster than the image acquisition rate.

Abstract: Driver current in digital retinal image transfer is significantly reduced for retinal cameras for reducing heat-induced dark current and resultant haze. In one embodiment line drivers are used whose current draw does not depend on data rate or frequency to eliminate the problem of high data rates creating high driver current draw. In a second embodiment the 14-MHz clock driver is inhibited by interrupting its free-running clock pulse input until such time as one wishes to output a picture from the retinal camera, at which time the clock driver draws only a quick burst of current. The result is much lower overall clock driver current draw, less heat, less dark current and less haze.

Abstract: A lightweight, small, high-voltage power supply for a xenon flash lamp or strobe permits rapid and reliable strobing for retinal imaging. In one embodiment the power supply can develop 500 volts at 720 watt seconds to permit firing the xenon strobe at full power one pulse per second. The power supply, rather than using heavy, bulky transformers, uses a hybrid high-voltage multiplier that involves an AC coupling circuit and a half-wave rectifier, the outputs of which are coupled in series to a capacitor bank to achieve a 500-volt charging source for the capacitor bank. This permits the capacitor bank to be charged with a continuous high voltage so that it can deliver a controlled, reliable high voltage to the xenon strobe.

Abstract: A system is provided to improve retinal camera picture quality by providing a user-variable transfer function for each pixel that results in redistributing grayscale values to solve the problem of saturation caused by highly reflective retinal objects. The result is the ability to capture both optic nerve and retina detail in a single picture. The darker retina is brightened to permit observing retinal detail using the redistributed grayscale values, while preserving optic nerve detail. Those pixels experiencing high-intensity reflections are properly exposed to prevent saturation, while outputs of low-intensity pixels associated with the darker regions are intensified, in one embodiment in accordance with an adjustable Bezier curve. The result is that one can obtain retinal details previously flooded out by the reflections from the optic nerve while at the same time offering optic nerve detail.

Abstract: A lightweight, small, high-voltage power supply for a xenon flash lamp or strobe permits rapid and reliable strobing for retinal imaging. In one embodiment the power supply can develop 500 volts at 720 watt seconds to permit firing the xenon strobe at full power one pulse per second. The power supply, rather than using heavy, bulky transformers, uses a hybrid high-voltage multiplier that involves an AC coupling circuit and a half-wave rectifier, the outputs of which are coupled in series to a capacitor bank to achieve a 500-volt charging source for the capacitor bank. This permits the capacitor bank to be charged with a continuous high voltage so that it can deliver a controlled, reliable high voltage to the xenon strobe.

Abstract: Driver current in digital retinal image transfer is significantly reduced for retinal cameras for reducing heat-induced dark current and resultant haze. In one embodiment line drivers are used whose current draw does not depend on data rate or frequency to eliminate the problem of high data rates creating high driver current draw. In a second embodiment the 14-MHz clock driver is inhibited by interrupting its free-running clock pulse input until such time as one wishes to output a picture from the retinal camera, at which time the clock driver draws only a quick burst of current. The result is much lower overall clock driver current draw, less heat, less dark current and less haze.

Abstract: A system is provided to improve retinal camera picture quality by providing a user-variable transfer function for each pixel that results in redistributing grayscale values to solve the problem of saturation caused by highly reflective retinal objects. The result is the ability to capture both optic nerve and retina detail in a single picture. The darker retina is brightened to permit observing retinal detail using the redistributed grayscale values, while preserving optic nerve detail. Those pixels experiencing high-intensity reflections are properly exposed to prevent saturation, while outputs of low-intensity pixels associated with the darker regions are intensified, in one embodiment in accordance with an adjustable Bezier curve. The result is that one can obtain retinal details previously flooded out by the reflections from the optic nerve while at the same time offering optic nerve detail.