Abstract: Described herein are methods of measuring, in a genomic sample from an individual, the relative frequency of a target sequence (that is, its copy number) with respect to a control sequence of known copy number at a different genomic locus in the same genome, wherein the target and control sequences differ by at least one single nucleotide variation (SNV). These methods involve both the target sequence and the control sequence in a single reaction/container, using a pair of primers that prime amplification of both the target sequence and the control sequence, or a single downstream primer and two upstream primers (that differs only at the position of the SNV between the target and control sequences), and measuring the abundance of each of the target sequence and the control sequence using SNV-specific labeled probes or primers, or a melting curve analysis that distinguishes between the amplified control and target sequences. The methods are exemplified with various different amplifications process.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of measuring, in a genomic sample from an individual, the relative frequency of a target sequence (that is, its copy number) with respect to a control sequence of known copy number at a different genomic locus in the same genome, wherein the target and control sequences differ by at least one single nucleotide variation (SNV). These methods involve both the target sequence and the control sequence in a single reaction/container, using a pair of primers that prime amplification of both the target sequence and the control sequence, or a single downstream primer and two upstream primers (that differs only at the position of the SNV between the target and control sequences), and measuring the abundance of each of the target sequence and the control sequence using SNV-specific labeled probes or primers, or a melting curve analysis that distinguishes between the amplified control and target sequences. The methods are exemplified with various different amplifications process.

Abstract: Provided herein are isolated nucleic acid molecules representing a genetically defined region of the genome of the aphid resistant soybean plant (Glycine max) cultivar PI 200538 that confers resistance to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines). Within the region is a gene encoding the aphid resistance protein Rag2. Also provided herein are methods for conferring aphid resistance on a plant or enhancing aphid resistance in a plant by transforming it to contain and express such nucleic acid sequences encoding Rag2 aphid resistance or introgressing DNA encoding the trait into the plant by plant breeding. Further provided are polymorphic markers useful for identifying plant germplasm containing aphid resistance, and methods for using such markers.