Abstract: Determining effective space utilization in a storage system, including: identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with a user-visible entity; identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity; and reporting, in dependence upon the an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with the user-visible entity and the amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity, a total capacity utilization associated with the user-visible entity.

Abstract: Determining storage consumption in group of storage resources, including for the group of data units within a group of storage resources: for each data unit in the group of data units, determining whether the data unit is associated with one or more client entities; and for each data unit associated with one or more client entities, determining a category for the data unit; calculating storage consumption for a client based on the category of each data unit; and reporting the calculated storage consumption.

Abstract: Providing Quality of Service (QoS) for replicating datasets including: receiving, by a target data repository from a source data repository, a checkpoint describing one or more updates to one or more datasets stored in the source data repository and the target data repository; adding, by the target data repository, the checkpoint to a first queue for checkpoints directed to one or more volumes in the target data repository, wherein the first queue is included in a plurality of queues for the target data repository; selecting, by the target data repository, one or more queues from the plurality of queues; and servicing an operation from each of the selected one or more queues.

Abstract: Tracking resource utilization using normalized Input/Output (‘I/O’) operations, including: selecting, for each storage device of one or more storage devices, a corresponding group of input/output (I/O) operations; calculating, for each storage device of the one or more storage devices, a normalized I/O operations per second (IOPS) value based on the corresponding group of I/O operations and a size scalar; and generating a report based on the normalized IOPS value for each storage device of the one or more storage devices.

Abstract: Sizing resources for a replication target, including: determining an initial resource requirement for a replication source; determining a retention resource requirement for the replication source; and reporting, in dependence on the initial resource requirement and the retention resource requirement, a total resource requirement for replicating the replication source.

Abstract: Determining effective space utilization in a storage system, including: identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with a user-visible entity; identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity; and reporting, in dependence upon the an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with the user-visible entity and the amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity, a total capacity utilization associated with the user-visible entity.

Abstract: Generating datasets using approximate baselines including receiving, by a source storage system, an instruction to create, on a target storage system, a current snapshot for a source dataset stored on the source storage system, wherein no snapshots for the source dataset exist on the target storage system; selecting, as a baseline dataset, a similar dataset from a plurality of datasets on the source storage system with an existing snapshot on the target storage system, wherein the similar dataset comprises at least a portion of the source dataset; instructing the target storage system to generate a baseline snapshot for the source dataset using a copy of the existing snapshot of the baseline dataset; and transferring, from the source storage system to the target storage system, only a difference between the baseline dataset and the source dataset.

Abstract: Continuous data protection, including sending, to a target data repository from a source data repository, metadata describing one or more updates to one or more datasets stored within the source data repository; generating, based on the metadata describing the one or more updates to the one or more datasets, an ordered log of metadata describing an ordered application of the one or more updates to the one or more datasets; and generating, on the source data repository and based on the ordered log of metadata, the one or more datasets in accordance with the one or more updates corresponding to a specified point in time.

Abstract: A uniform model for distinct types of data replication, including receiving, at a source data repository, an update to a dataset; generating, based on the update to the dataset, both metadata describing the update to the dataset and also a metadata representation of the dataset; and initiating, based on the same metadata describing the update to the dataset and also based on the same metadata representation of the dataset, either a first type of data replication or a second type of data replication from among a plurality of types of data replication.

Abstract: Determining storage consumption in group of storage resources, including for the group of data units within a group of storage resources: for each data unit in the group of data units, determining whether the data unit is associated with one or more client entities; and for each data unit associated with one or more client entities, determining a category for the data unit; calculating storage consumption for a client based on the category of each data unit; and reporting the calculated storage consumption.

Abstract: Determining effective space utilization in a storage system, including: identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with a user-visible entity; identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity; and reporting, in dependence upon the an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with the user-visible entity and the amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity, a total capacity utilization associated with the user-visible entity.

Abstract: Determining storage consumption in a storage system, including scanning a group of data units within the storage system storing a plurality of client entities, including: for each data unit in the group of data units, determining whether the data unit is reachable by one of the plurality of client entities; and for each data unit reachable by one of the plurality of client entities, determining a category for the data unit; calculating storage consumption for a client based on the category of each data unit reachable by one of the plurality of client entities; and reporting the calculated storage consumption.

Abstract: Determining effective space utilization in a storage system, including: identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with a user-visible entity; identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity; and reporting, in dependence upon the an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with the user-visible entity and the amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity, a total capacity utilization associated with the user-visible entity.

Abstract: Determining effective space utilization in a storage system, including: identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with a user-visible entity; identifying an amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity; and reporting, in dependence upon the amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with the user-visible entity and the amount of data stored within the storage system that is associated with all snapshots of the user-visible entity, a total capacity utilization associated with the user-visible entity.

Abstract: Space reporting in a storage system, including: determining, for one or more system-visible objects in the storage system, an amount of physical space consumed by each system-visible object and an amount of logical space consumed by each system-visible object; identifying, for each of the one or more system-visible objects in the storage system, one or more user-visible objects that reference the system-visible object; determining, for each of the one or more user-visible objects, an amount of physical space consumed by the user-visible object in dependence upon the amount of physical space consumed by each system-visible object referenced by the user-visible object; and determining, for each of the one or more user-visible objects, an amount of logical space consumed by the user-visible object in dependence upon the amount of logical space consumed by each system-visible object referenced by the user-visible object.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising forming and compressing a stack having a plurality of layers in a desired orientation. The layers comprise a membrane, a cathode, an anode, and at least one edge protection layer. The method includes providing at least one mechanical reinforcing layer adjacent the anode or cathode layer, and allowing the electrodes to relax under high heat to remove stress prior to lamination.

Abstract: A fuel cell that includes a blocking agent for preventing hydrogen and air from contacting bare membrane. This in turn prevents the reaction of air and hydrogen gases at outside edges of the catalyst layers. The blocking agent is deposited within diffusion media layers on one or both of the anode and cathode sides of the fuel cell. The blocking agent extends into the diffusion media layers far enough so that it is within outside edges of the catalyst layers. In one embodiment, the blocking agent is a thermoplastic polymer, such as PVDF, that flows into the diffusion media layers in a melted format, where it hardens.

Abstract: A multiphase material comprises a ceramic matrix material having one or more of Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Ag, In, Si and Ge nanodispersed in the matrix. The ceramic matrix is preferably based upon carbides, nitrides and oxides of group IV-VI transition metals taken singly or in combination.

Abstract: A transition metal based ceramic material having the general formula Li&agr;M1−&bgr;T&bgr;NxO67, wherein M is a transition metal, T is a dopant metal, and wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to l, &dgr; is 0, or less than or equal to 4; &agr; is less than or equal to 3−x, and &bgr; is less than 1 is disclosed. The ceramic material has utility as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries.