Abstract: A back-up ring (1) for a gland seal includes at least two part ring portions (2,4). Each part ring portion comprises first (6, 10) and second (8, 12) ends. Each end has an undulating surface (22, 24) for overlapping in engagement with a corresponding undulating surface on an end of another part ring portion, to form the back-up ring (1). When the part ring portions (2,4) are assembled to form the back-up ring (1) and are held together by axial and/or radial compression, the engagement of the undulating surfaces (22, 24) restricts relative movement between the part ring portions. A seal assembly (34) including the back-up ring (1) is also disclosed.

Abstract: This present disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods for the treatment of conditions pertaining to bladder control. In particular, the present disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods directed to the application of electrical stimulation to the proximal urethra and associated nervous tissue to elicit voiding contractions that normalize bladder function.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for determining the angle of steering of a vehicle, particularly an agricultural vehicle, by determining vehicle yaw rate, determining vehicle speed, determining hydraulic flow in a hydraulic steering assembly connected in parallel with a manual hydraulic steering circuit of the vehicle, and processing the yaw rate, speed, and hydraulic flow data to determine the angle of steering of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method is provided for using ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators or other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit in combination with one or more compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects to treat and/or alleviate the symptoms associated with painful and non-painful lower urinary tract disorders in normal and spinal cord injured patients. According to the present invention, ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators include GABA analogs (e.g. gabapentin and pregabalin), fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, and amino acid compounds. Compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects include antimuscarinics, ?3 adrenergic agonists, spasmolytics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, bradykinin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the instillation of lipid vehicles comprised of liposomes containing sphingomyelin or sphingomyelin metabolites to prevent, manage, ameliorate and/or treat disorders involving neuropathic pain and aberrant muscle contractions, such as what occurs in bladder hyperactivity disorders such as interstitial cystitis (IC) in animals or humans in need thereof. Also provided is a liposome-based delivery of drugs, e.g., antibiotics, pain treatments and anticancer agents, to the bladder, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal system, pulmonary system and other organs or body systems. In particular, liposome-based delivery of vanilloid compounds, such as resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, or tinyatoxin and toxins, such as botulinum toxin is provided for the treatment of bladder conditions, including pain, inflammation, incontinence and voiding dysftunction.

Abstract: A method is provided for using Cav2.2 subunit calcium channel modulators to treat non-inflammatory gastrointestinal tract disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of using Cav2.2 subunit calcium channel modulators, particularly thiazolidinone, oxazolidinone, and imidazolone derivatives, to treat lower urinary tract and related disorders.

Abstract: A method is provided for using ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators or other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit in combination with one or more compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects to treat and/or alleviate the symptoms associated with painful and non-painful lower urinary tract disorders in normal and spinal cord injured patients. According to the present invention, ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators include GABA analogs (e.g. gabapentin and pregabalin), fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, and amino acid compounds. Compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects include antimuscarinics, ?3 adrenergic agonists, spasmolytics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, bradykinin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the administration of lipid-based vehicles to treat various disorders, including bladder inflammation, infection, dysfunction, and cancer. In various aspects, the compositions and methods of the invention are useful for prolonged delivery of drugs, e.g., antibiotics, pain treatments, and anticancer agents, to the bladder, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal system, pulmonary system, and other organs or body systems. In particular, the present invention relates to liposome-based delivery of vanilloid compounds, such as resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, or tinyatoxin, and toxins, such as botulinum toxin, for the treatment of bladder conditions, including pain, inflammation, incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Further related are methods of using these vehicles alone or in conjunction with antibodies, e.g., uroplakin antibodies, to improve duration of liposome attachment, and provide a long-term intravesical drug delivery platform.

Abstract: A method is provided for using ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators or other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit in combination with one or, more compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects to treat functional bowel disorders in patients in need of treatment. According to the present invention, ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators include GABA analogs including gabapentin and pregabalin, fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, and amino acid compounds. Compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects include antimuscarinics, ?3 adrenergic agonists, spasmolytics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, bradykinin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors.

Abstract: A method is provided for using ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators or other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit in combination with one or more compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects to treat pain. According to the present invention, ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators include GABA analogs (e.g., gabapentin and pregabalin), fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, and amino acid compounds. Compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects include antimuscarinics, ?3 adrenergic agonists, spasmolytics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, bradykinin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors.

Abstract: A method is provided for using ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators or other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit in combination with one or more compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects to treat and/or alleviate the symptoms associated with painful and non-painful lower urinary tract disorders in normal and spinal cord injured patients. According to the present invention, ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators include GABA analogs (e.g. gabapentin and pregabalin), fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, and amino acid compounds. Compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects include antimuscarinics, ?3 adrenergic agonists, spasmolytics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, bradykinin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of using Cav2.2 subunit calcium channel modulators to treat painful and non-painful lower urinary tract disorders and the related genitourinary tract disorders vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis in normal and spinal cord injured patients.

Abstract: A method is provided for treatment of non-painful bladder disorders, particularly non-painful overactive bladder without loss of urine. The method comprises administration of an ?2? subunit calcium channel modulator, including gabapentin, pregabalin, GABA analogs, fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, amino acid compounds, and other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating at least one symptom of a lower urinary tract disorder in a subject in need of treatment wherein the symptom is selected from the group consisting of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary urge incontinence, nocturia and enuresis. The method comprises administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that has 5-HT3 receptor antagonist activity and NorAdrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (NARI) activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating at least one symptom of a lower urinary tract disorder in a subject in need of treatment wherein the symptom is selected from the group consisting of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary urge incontinence, nocturia and enuresis. The method comprises administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that has 5-HT3 receptor antagonist activity and NorAdrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (NARI) activity.

Abstract: A method is provided for using ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators or other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit in combination with one or more compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects to treat and/or alleviate the symptoms associated with painful and non-painful lower urinary tract disorders in normal and spinal cord injured patients. According to the present invention, ?2? subunit calcium channel modulators include GABA analogs, e.g., gabapentin and pregabalin, fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, and amino acid compounds. Compounds with smooth muscle modulatory effects include antimuscarinics, ?3 adrenergic agonists, spasmolytics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, bradykinin receptor antagonists, and nitric oxide donors.

Abstract: A method is provided for treatment of non-painful bladder disorders, particularly non-painful overactive bladder without loss of urine. The method comprises administration of an ?2? subunit calcium channel modulator, including gabapentin, pregabalin, GABA analogs, fused bicyclic or tricyclic amino acid analogs of gabapentin, amino acid compounds, and other compounds that interact with the ?2? calcium channel subunit.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of using sodium channel modulators, particularly TTX-R sodium channel modulators and/or activity dependent sodium channel modulators to treat a gastrointestinal tract disorders, particularly inflammatory bowel disorders and irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of using Cav2.2 subunit calcium channel modulators, particularly thiazolidinone, oxazolidinone, and imidazolone derivatives, to treat lower urinary tract and related disorders.