Abstract: A system and method for operation of an autonomous vehicle (AV) yard truck is provided. A processor facilitates autonomous movement of the AV yard truck, and connection to and disconnection from trailers. A plurality of sensors are interconnected with the processor that sense terrain/objects and assist in automatically connecting/disconnecting trailers. A server, interconnected, wirelessly with the processor, that tracks movement of the truck around and determines locations for trailer connection and disconnection. A door station unlatches/opens rear doors of the trailer when adjacent thereto, securing them in an opened position via clamps, etc. The system computes a height of the trailer, and/or if landing gear of the trailer is on the ground and interoperates with the fifth wheel to change height, and whether docking is safe, allowing a user to take manual control, and optimum charge time(s). Reversing sensors/safety, automated chocking, and intermodal container organization are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to measure the optical anisotropy properties of a film on glass or other substrates. This technique is suitable for production environments, and is not strongly affected by the TFT or CF active area on LCD panels, even for very high pixel density displays. A method is provided for measuring a magnitude and orientation of optical anisotropy. These methods and systems include an optical anisotropy measurement apparatus for measuring anisotropic materials in a reflection or transmission configuration. The methods and systems may measure a Mueller matrix, diattentuation orientation, or retardance of a sample at one or more rotation angles to calculate anisotropic magnitude and orientation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to measure the optical anisotropy properties of a film on glass or other substrates. This technique is suitable for production environments, and is not strongly affected by the TFT or CF active area on LCD panels, even for very high pixel density displays. A method is provided for measuring a magnitude and orientation of optical anisotropy. These methods and systems include an optical anisotropy measurement apparatus for measuring anisotropic materials in a reflection or transmission configuration. The methods and systems may measure a Mueller matrix, diattentuation orientation, or retardance of a sample at one or more rotation angles to calculate anisotropic magnitude and orientation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to measure the optical anisotropy properties of a film on glass or other substrates. This technique is suitable for production environments, and is not strongly affected by the TFT or CF active area on LCD panels, even for very high pixel density displays. A method is provided for measuring a magnitude and orientation of optical anisotropy. These methods and systems include an optical anisotropy measurement apparatus for measuring anisotropic materials in a reflection or transmission configuration. The methods and systems may measure a Mueller matrix, diattentuation orientation, or retardance of a sample at one or more rotation angles to calculate anisotropic magnitude and orientation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for testing of LCD panels is disclosed. An LCD panel under test is mounted to a translatable table between a polarization state generator and polarization state analyzer. For each location on the screen to be tested, a continuum of known polarization states are launched through the LCD screen and detected by the polarization state analyzer. Electrical signals representative of such polarization states are acquired by a computer. Within the computer, a model of polarization properties of the LCD panel is developed based on estimations of what the physical parameters of the LCD panel are believed to be. RMS differences between simulated polarization properties and measured polarization properties are minimized by iteratively refining the modeled physical cell properties, at which point cell thickness and other physical parameters of the LCD screen may be deduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for accurately measuring the blood oxygen saturation with a retinal vessel. The apparatus includes an optical source for illuminating the retinal vessel with optical signals. The apparatus also includes a filter, such as an aperture, disposed within the path of the optical signals returning from the eye. The filter preferentially passes single pass optical signals that have diffused through the retinal layer and/or the choroidal layer of the eye while traversing the retinal vessel only once, while blocking or otherwise redirecting the other optical signals. The apparatus also includes a detector for separately detecting at least the single pass optical signals and, in some instances, the other optical signals as well. The apparatus can also include a processing element for determining the blood oxygen saturation in the retinal vessel based upon the optical signals that have been detected.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products are provided for more accurately determining the percent transmittance of a vessel, such as a retinal vessel, at each of a number of different wavelengths and, in turn, for more accurately determining the blood oxygen saturation within the vessel. The blood oxygen saturation is determined based upon a plurality of images of the vessel obtained with illumination of different wavelengths. Background images are generated based upon respective images of the vessel in order to approximate the tissue bed underlying the vessel, such as the background fundus underlying the retinal vessel. Thereafter, a plurality of transmittance images are determined based upon respective pairs of the background images and the images of the vessel, such as by dividing the image of the vessel by the respective background image. Based upon a plurality of transmittance images, the blood oxygen saturation in the vessel may be determined.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products are provided for more accurately determining the percent transmittance of a vessel, such as a retinal vessel, at each of a number of different wavelengths and, in turn, for more accurately determining the blood oxygen saturation within the vessel. The blood oxygen saturation is determined based upon a plurality of images of the vessel obtained with illumination of different wavelengths. Background images are generated based upon respective images of the vessel in order to approximate the tissue bed underlying the vessel, such as the background fundus underlying the retinal vessel. Thereafter, a plurality of transmittance images are determined based upon respective pairs of the background images and the images of the vessel, such as by dividing the image of the vessel by the respective background image. Based upon a plurality of transmittance images, the blood oxygen saturation in the vessel may be determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for accurately measuring the blood oxygen saturation with a retinal vessel. The apparatus includes an optical source for illuminating the retinal vessel with optical signals. The apparatus also includes a filter, such as an aperture, disposed within the path of the optical signals returning from the eye. The filter preferentially passes single pass optical signals that have diffused through the retinal layer and/or the choroidal layer of the eye while traversing the retinal vessel only once, while blocking or otherwise redirecting the other optical signals. The apparatus also includes a detector for separately detecting at least the single pass optical signals and, in some instances, the other optical signals as well. The apparatus can also include a processing element for determining the blood oxygen saturation in the retinal vessel based upon the optical signals that have been detected.

Abstract: An improved optical scanning spectroscopic method and apparatus is provided that alternately scans the posterior portion of an eye with laser signals emitted by different ones of a plurality of lasers such that a data frame can be constructed that includes interlaced portions formed from signals returning from the posterior portion of the eye in response to illumination by laser signals emitted by different ones of the plurality of lasers. As such, the same data frame includes data attributable to the reflection of laser signals from each of the plurality of lasers even though the subject's eye is not subjected to simultaneous illumination by each of the lasers, thereby protecting the subject's eye.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for measuring the transmittance of blood within a retinal vessel detects the intensity of light reflected from illuminated portions of an eye, including the retinal vessel and background fundus, and adjusts the corresponding intensity signals to compensate for reflections from the retinal vessel. In particular, the transmittance measuring method and apparatus constructs an intensity profile function based upon the intensity signals. As a result, the intensity profile function approximates the intensity of light transmitted through the retinal vessel as a function of retinal vessel position. During the construction of the intensity profile function, the transmittance measuring method and apparatus can compensate for at least some of the reflections of light from the retinal vessel which occurred prior to propagation of the light through the retinal vessel, thereby increasing the accuracy with which the transmittance of blood within a retinal vessel is measured.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for measuring the oxygen saturation of blood within a retinal vessel illuminates the retinal vessel with light having a combination of wavelengths selected to reduce the error in the measured blood oxygen saturation. The oxygen saturation measuring method and apparatus illuminates a retinal vessel with light having the selected combination of wavelengths. For example, the oxygen saturation measuring method and apparatus can illuminate the retinal vessel with light having a first wavelength between 460 nm and 503 nm, a second wavelength between 600 nm, and 770 nm and a third wavelength between 770 nm and 1000 nm. The oxygen saturation measuring method and apparatus then measures the transmittance of the blood within the retinal vessel in response to the illumination at each of the selected wavelengths.