Abstract: A mechanism for controlling utilization in a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) environment in a cloud computing system is disclosed. A method includes obtaining, by a resource control module executing on a computing device, an active capacity metric of each virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs in a district of a multi-tenant PaaS system, the active capacity metric comprising a result of dividing a number of containers that are currently executing in the VM by a maximum number of active containers allowed to execute in the VM, determining that the active capacity metric of a source VM in the district exceeds an active capacity threshold associated with the source VM, and migrating at least one of the containers of the source VM to a target VM in the district, wherein the target VM is operating with an active capacity metric below the active capacity threshold associated with the target VM.

Abstract: A mechanism for providing cartridges in a multi-tenant PaaS system implemented in a cloud computing environment is disclosed. A method of embodiments includes maintaining, by a virtual machine (VM) executing on a computing device, a cartridge library comprising cartridge packages that provide functionality for multi-tenant applications executed by the VM, receiving a request to configure a cartridge on the VM, wherein the cartridge to provide functionality for a multi-tenant application executed by the VM, establishing a container to provide process space for the functionality of the cartridge, calling a configure hook for a type of the cartridge, and in response to calling the configure hook, embedding an instance of the cartridge in the container, the instance of the cartridge obtained from a cartridge package of the cartridge library.

Abstract: A responsive layout based on behavioral intent in a multi-tenant PaaS system is disclosed. A method of the disclosure includes determining a profile of a user of a PaaS system, an application context for each application associated with the user and hosted by the PaaS system, and a task context of an access to the PaaS system by the user, providing indicators of the determined profile, the determined application context, and the determined task context to a browser application of the user, and providing HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files of the management console to the browser application, wherein the provided indicators are applied to the HTML and CSS files to generate a responsive layout, wherein the indicators are associated with one or more variants of the HTML and CSS files that provide the responsive layout.

Abstract: A mechanism for deployment optimization in a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) system is disclosed. A method of the disclosure includes receiving, at a source code management (SCM) repository maintained by a node executing on a computing device, updated application code of an application executed on the node, wherein the node is provided by a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) system, providing, by the node, the updated application code to one or more cartridge instances that implement framework of the application, determining, by each of the one or more cartridge instances, that a marker file is present in the updated application code, the marker file indicating that hot deployment functionality is to be implemented for the application, and implementing, by each of the one or more cartridge instances using hot deployment functionality that is specific to the cartridge instance, code changes in the updated application code without a restart of the application.

Abstract: A multi-tier platform-as-a-service (PaaS) deployment reduced to a single-tier architecture for development is disclosed. A method of the disclosure includes mapping multiple tiers of a PaaS system to a consolidated environment executable on a virtual machine (VM), wherein networking stacks of the VM maintain a separation between the multiple tiers in the consolidated environment, and providing the consolidated environment as a development instance of the PaaS system for execution on the VM, the consolidated environment facilitating testing of code changes to the PaaS system.

Abstract: A mechanism for application partitioning in a multi-tenant PaaS environment in a cloud computing system is disclosed. A method of embodiments includes receiving, by a virtual machine (VM), a request to initialize a container on the VM, the container comprising a resource-constrained space of the VM to execute functionality of an application of a multi-tenant PaaS system. The method also includes assigning a user identification (UID) and non-volatile resources to the container, wherein the UID and non-volatile resources are part of a subset of UIDs and a subset of non-volatile resources allotted to the VM from a range of UIDs and a range of non-volatile resources associated with a district of the VM, and wherein other VMs in the district are not allotted the same subset of UIDs from the range of UIDs or the same subset of non-volatile resources from the range of non-volatile resources.

Abstract: A mechanism for automatic scaling of application resources in a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) environment in a cloud computing system is disclosed. A method includes monitoring, by a load balancer executing on a computing device, an overall load measurement of containers associated with an application executed on virtual machines (VMs) in a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) system, wherein the overall load measurement is a summation of individual current loads at the containers, comparing, by the load balancer, the overall load measurement to an overall load threshold for the containers, and when the overall load measurement exceeds the overall load threshold, causing resources to be added to execute functionality of the application in the VMs of the multi-tenant PaaS system.

Abstract: A mechanism for controlling utilization in a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) environment in a cloud computing system is disclosed. A method includes obtaining, by a resource control module executing on a computing device, an active capacity metric of each virtual machine (VM) of a plurality of VMs in a district of a multi-tenant PaaS system, the active capacity metric comprising a result of dividing a number of containers that are currently executing in the VM by a maximum number of active containers allowed to execute in the VM, determining that the active capacity metric of a source VM in the district exceeds an active capacity threshold associated with the source VM, and migrating at least one of the containers of the source VM to a target VM in the district, wherein the target VM is operating with an active capacity metric below the active capacity threshold associated with the target VM.

Abstract: A mechanism for controlling capacity in a multi-tenant Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) environment in a cloud computing system is disclosed. A method includes detecting, by a resource control module, an occurrence of a trigger event for capacity analysis of virtual machines (VMs) in a multi-tenant PaaS system, obtaining an active capacity metric of each of the VMs, the active capacity metric comprising a result of dividing a number of containers that are currently executing in the VM by a maximum number of active containers allowed to execute in the VM, comparing the active capacity metric of each VM to an active capacity threshold of each VM, when the active capacity metric exceeds the active capacity threshold in all of the VMs in a district of the multi-tenant PaaS system and when a maximum actual capacity of containers in the district is not exceeded, adding a new VM to the district.

Abstract: A molecular sensor (10) comprises a flow path (12) configured for flowing a solution (28) potentially containing a target molecule (26). A source of polarized light (16) is provided and a detector (18) arranged to receive light from the source after it has passed through the flow path. A sensor element (19) is provided comprising a scaffold moiety (20) with a high aspect ratio disposed, in use, within the flow path and a receptor moiety (24), for the target molecule, attached to the scaffold moiety. A method for sensing a target molecule in a flowing solution is also described.

Abstract: A mechanism for providing cartridges in a multi-tenant PaaS system implemented in a cloud computing environment is disclosed. A method of embodiments includes maintaining, by a virtual machine (VM) executing on a computing device, a cartridge library comprising cartridge packages that provide functionality for multi-tenant applications executed by the VM, receiving a request to configure a cartridge on the VM, wherein the cartridge to provide functionality for a multi-tenant application executed by the VM, establishing a container to provide process space for the functionality of the cartridge, calling a configure hook for a type of the cartridge, and in response to calling the configure hook, embedding an instance of the cartridge in the container, the instance of the cartridge obtained from a cartridge package of the cartridge library.

Abstract: A mechanism for an interface between a server orchestration system and a messaging system is disclosed. In one embodiment a message being broadcast from a server orchestration system to a plurality of nodes that comprise a node layer of a platform as a service (PaaS) application hosting infrastructure is intercepted and introspected to extract an identifier of the first node of a plurality of nodes. Then, a targeted message compatible with a messaging system is generated, the targeted message including the identifier of the first node. The targeted message is then sent to the messaging system to be routed to the first node.

Abstract: A owner command to an application hosted by a platform as a service (PaaS) system can be performed, in one embodiment, by receiving the command from the authenticated owner at a first resource pool containing a first application component of the application, wherein the first node hosts a plurality of resource pools each containing application components belonging to different application owners. A second resource pool associated with the application is then identified, the second resource pool being hosted on a second node and containing a second application component of the application. The, a command implementation sequence defining the implementation of the received command over multiple application components is executed by performing a first action on the first application component on the first node and performing a second action on the second application component on the second node.

Abstract: A mechanism for node selection for a new application in a multi-tenant cloud hosting environment is disclosed. A method of the invention includes receiving a request to host a software application on one of a plurality of nodes of a cloud computing infrastructure, each node configured to host multiple software applications. A set of available nodes from the plurality of nodes can be identified on which the software application can be hosted and the capacity of each identified node to host additional software applications can be determined. Then, a node is selected to host the software application using the determined capacities.

Abstract: A mechanism for idling an application in a multi-tenant cloud hosting environment is disclosed. A method of the invention includes detecting, by a reverse proxy of a node of a cloud computing architecture, a lack of minimum usage of an application hosted on the node, the application being one of a plurality of applications being hosted on the node and instructing the node to shut down the application in response. The reverse proxy is then; and reconfigured to point to a restarter instead of the application, wherein the restarter restarts the application in response to detecting an access to the application.

Abstract: A mechanism for tracking applications on a node of a multi-tenant PaaS environment is disclosed. A method of the invention includes providing an agent of a server orchestration system on a multi-tenant node of a network-based application hosting system, wherein the node comprises a virtual machine (VM) of a cloud computing environment configured to host a plurality of Web application components of different owners, and maintaining, by the agent, a plurality of facts about the node. One of the facts is a number of source code management (SCM) software repositories on the node; each software repository containing at least one of the plurality of Web application components, which is determined by and updated by the agent to reflect the number of determined software repositories.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system that records, at a remote location, the current status of a door lock. This invention provides a key fob device, which records the current status of a door look. The key fob indicates to the user the current lock status of the given door(s) in question. The key fob is a small key chain attached device, which records the state of the door locks, or other devices or appliances, as one departs from the door. The system of the present invention comprises a sensor at the door that detects the current lock status of a door and transmits this lock to the key fob. Also incorporated into the key fob is circuitry that receives and records this received lock status. A display component in the key fob displays this current lock status when prompted by the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system that records, at a remote location, the current status of a door lock. This invention provides a key fob device, which records the current status of a door look. The key fob indicates to the user the current lock status of the given door(s) in question. The key fob is a small key chain attached device, which records the state of the door locks, or other devices or appliances, as one departs from the door. The system of the present invention comprises a sensor at the door that detects the current lock status of a door and transmits this lock to the key fob. Also incorporated into the key fob is circuitry that receives and records this received lock status. A display component in the key fob displays this current lock status when prompted by the user.

Abstract: A molecular sensor (10) comprises a flow path (12) configured for flowing a solution (28) potentially containing a target molecule (26). A source of polarised light (16) is provided and a detector (18) arranged to receive light from the source after it has passed through the flow path. A sensor element (19) is provided comprising a scaffold moiety (20) with a high aspect ratio disposed, in use, within the flow path and a receptor moiety (24), for the target molecule, attached to the scaffold moiety. A method for sensing a target molecule in a flowing solution is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system that records, at a remote location, the current status of a door lock. This invention provides a key fob device, which records the current status of a door look. The key fob indicates to the user the current lock status of the given door(s) in question. The key fob is a small key chain attached device, which records the state of the door locks, or other devices or appliances, as one departs from the door. The system of the present invention comprises a sensor at the door that detects the current lock status of a door and transmits this lock to the key fob. Also incorporated into the key fob is circuitry that receives and records this received lock status. A display component in the key fob displays this current lock status when prompted by the user.