Abstract: An electronic bidding service is described which substantially automatically acquires items for buyers in response to bidding information entered by the buyers. To function in this manner, the electronic bidding service makes use of an item authority. The item authority links items specified in different offers to master reference information associated with the items, thereby allowing the electronic bidding service to identify groups of offers which are selling the same or related item. In one case, a buyer can instruct the electronic bidding service to obtain a desired item from a specific offer. If this bid is unsuccessful, the electronic bidding service can extend the bidding procedure to one or more other offers that feature the same or related item. This extension is based on the master reference information.

Abstract: An electronic bidding service is described which substantially automatically acquires items for buyers in response to bidding information entered by the buyers. To function in this manner, the electronic bidding service makes use of an item authority. The item authority links items specified in different offers to master reference information associated with the items, thereby allowing the electronic bidding service to identify groups of offers which are selling the same or related item. In one case, a buyer can instruct the electronic bidding service to obtain a desired item from a specific offer. If this bid is unsuccessful, the electronic bidding service can extend the bidding procedure to one or more other offers that feature the same or related item. This extension is based on the master reference information.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of systems, methods and computer programs for proactive pricing. An offer to sell a product extended by a seller is maintained in a server. The offer to sell includes a plurality of asking terms and at least one selling rule authorizing a deviation from the asking terms and that is associated with the offer. A plurality of purchase offers from at least one buyer to purchase the product is maintained in the server. Each of the purchase offers specifies at least one purchase term. The purchase offers are ranked based upon a degree to which the respective purchase terms match the asking terms.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of systems, methods, and computer programs that facilitate reducing purchase hesitance. At least one product offered by a seller at an initial price is displayed to a buyer. Activity of the buyer throughout an electronic commerce system is tracked. Purchase hesitance in the activity is identified. A concession is offered to the buyer by the seller to provide incentive to the buyer to purchase the product within the electronic commerce system.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of systems, methods, and computer programs that facilitate haggling in an electronic commerce system. An average spread of a user is calculated, which is the average difference between an initial list price and a final transaction price among transactions in a transaction history. A rounds score is also calculated, which is based on the number of counteroffers extended by a user in the transaction history. A volume score is calculated and based on the volume of transactions a user has consummated in the transaction history. An abandonment score is calculated and based on the percentage of transactions the user has abandoned. A haggling rating is calculated and based on a combination of the average spread, the rounds score, the volume score, and the abandonment score, and represents an effectiveness of the user in haggling and completing transactions with other users.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of systems, methods, and computer programs that facilitate haggling in an electronic commerce system. An average spread of a user is calculated, which is the average difference between an initial list price and a final transaction price among transactions in a transaction history. A rounds score is also calculated, which is based on the number of counteroffers extended by a user in the transaction history. A volume score is calculated and based on the volume of transactions a user has consummated in the transaction history. An abandonment score is calculated and based on the percentage of transactions the user has abandoned. A haggling rating is calculated and based on a combination of the average spread, the rounds score, the volume score, and the abandonment score, and represents an effectiveness of the user in haggling and completing transactions with other users.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for finding items for grouping items according to sorting characteristics. For example, a price comparison engine is described that obtains the original total purchase price for all items placed in the customer's shopping cart and compares the original total purchase price to further generated total purchase price options to determine if any cost savings can be achieved. Those further total purchase price options are generated by computing the total purchase price resulting from each possible combination of sellers and items in the shopping cart. In some embodiments, heuristics may be used by the price engine to reduce the number of seller combinations and purchase price options generated, limit the price variations upon which the total purchase price options are computed, and/or filter or sort the purchase price options to be displayed.