Abstract: A processing system includes methods to promote sleep. The system may include a monitor such as a non-contact motion sensor from which sleep information may be determined. User sleep information, such as sleep stages, hypnograms, sleep scores, mind recharge scores and body scores, may be recorded, evaluated and/or displayed for a user. The system may further monitor ambient and/or environmental conditions corresponding to sleep sessions. Sleep advice may be generated based on the sleep information, user queries and/or environmental conditions from one or more sleep sessions. Communicated sleep advice may include content to promote good sleep habits and/or detect risky sleep conditions. In some versions of the system, any one or more of a bedside unit 3000 sensor module, a smart processing device, such as a smart phone or smart device 3002, and network servers may be implemented to perform the methodologies of the system.

Abstract: Described in this application are proteins and host cells involved in methods of producing isoprenoid precursors and/or isoprenoids.

Abstract: Described in this application are proteins and host cells involved in methods of producing mogrol precursors, mogrol, and/or mogrosides.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to production of vaccinia capping enzyme (VCE) in host cells. For example, host cells may comprise: a promoter; a ribosome binding site (RBS); a nucleic acid encoding a vaccinia capping enzyme (VCE) or VCE subunit; and a terminator.

Abstract: Described in this application are proteins and host cells involved in methods of producing mogrol precursors, mogrol, and/or mogrosides.

Abstract: Described in this application are UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) enzymes, host cells expressing the UGTs, and methods of producing mogrol precursors, mogrol, and/or mogrosides using such host cells.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to enzymes, such as cucurbitadienol synthase (CDS), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), C11 hydroxylase, epoxide hydrolase (EPH), squalene epoxidase (SQE), and/or cytochrome P450 reductase enzymes, recombinant host cells expressing the enzymes, and methods of producing mogrol precursors, mogrol, and/or mogrosides using such recombinant cells.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to biosynthesis of cannabinoids and cannabinoid precursors in recombinant cells and in vitro.

Abstract: Described in this application are enzymes (e.g., cucurbitadienol synthases (CDS), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT), C11 hydroxylases, epoxide hydrolases (EPH), squalene epoxidases, and/or cytochrome P450 reductases), host cells expressing the enzymes, and methods of producing mogrol precursors, mogrol, and/or mogrosides using such host cells.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to biosynthesis of cannabinoids and cannabinoid precursors in recombinant cells and in vitro.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved method of stimulating visual neurons to create artificial vision. It has been found that varying current of visual stimulation can create varying percept brightness, varying percept size, and varying percept shape. By determining the attributes of predetermined current levels, and using those attributes to program a video processor, more accurate video preproduction can be obtained. The present invention also includes an electrode array having alternating large and small electrodes in rows at a 45 degree angle to horizontal in the visual field.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods, systems, and computer readable mediums for solving large systems of linear equations, such as for aircraft traffic control and analysis, are disclosed. A method for aircraft traffic control, includes receiving as input, airspace sector information and aircraft traffic information, configuring a homogeneous system of linear inequalities comprising a plurality of linear inequalities based upon the airspace sector information and the aircraft traffic information, and resolving the homogeneous linear system to determine a second airspace sector information and a second aircraft traffic information, wherein the second airspace sector information and the second aircraft traffic information are based upon a predetermined future point of time, and wherein the resolving includes at least one of reducing a maximum infeasibility of the homogeneous linear system and reducing a sum infeasibility of the homogeneous linear system.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods, systems, and computer readable mediums for solving large systems of linear equations, such as for aircraft traffic control and analysis, are disclosed. A method for aircraft traffic control, includes receiving as input, airspace sector information and aircraft traffic information, configuring a homogeneous system of linear inequalities comprising a plurality of linear inequalities based upon the airspace sector information and the aircraft traffic information, and resolving the homogeneous linear system to determine a second airspace sector information and a second aircraft traffic information, wherein the second airspace sector information and the second aircraft traffic information are based upon a predetermined future point of time, and wherein the resolving includes at least one of reducing a maximum infeasibility of the homogeneous linear system and reducing a sum infeasibility of the homogeneous linear system.

Abstract: Methods and devices for fitting a visual prosthesis are described. In one of the methods, threshold levels and maximum levels for the electrodes of the prosthesis are determined and a map of brightness to electrode stimulation levels is later formed. A fitting system for a visual prosthesis is also discussed, together with a computer-operated system having a graphical user interface showing visual prosthesis diagnostic screens and visual prosthesis configuration screens.

Abstract: In order to generate the smallest phosphenes possible, it is advantageous to selectively stimulate smaller cells. By hyperpolarizing the somas of the large cells selectively with sub-threshold anodic ‘pre-pulse’ stimuli (making them more difficult to stimulate) and then selectively depolarize the smaller cells one can selectively stimulate smaller cells. Alternatively, one can hyperpolarize the dendrites of the cells with larger dendritic fields by applying sub-threshold anodic currents on surrounding electrodes and then depolarizing the smaller cells in the center. Further, one can manipulate the phases of an individual biphasic wave to affect selective stimulation resulting in more focal responses. It is possible to increase resolution with the ‘pre-pulse’ described above. One can also effect resolution by modifying the pulse order of the cathodic and anodic phases.

Abstract: Existing epiretinal implants for the blind are designed to electrically stimulate large groups of surviving retinal neurons using a small number of electrodes with diameters of several hundred ?m. To increase the spatial resolution of artificial sight, electrodes much smaller than those currently in use are desirable. In this study we stimulated and recorded ganglion cells in isolated pieces of rat, guinea pig, and monkey retina. We utilized micro-fabricated hexagonal arrays of 61 platinum disk electrodes with diameters between 6 and 25 ?m, spaced 60 ?m apart. Charge-balanced current pulses evoked one or two spikes at latencies as short as 0.2 ms, and typically only one or a few recorded ganglion cells were stimulated. Application of several synaptic blockers did not abolish the evoked responses, implying direct activation of ganglion cells. Threshold charge densities were typically below 0.1 mC/cm2 for a pulse duration of 100 ?s, corresponding to charge thresholds of less than 100 pC.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of improving the contrast of electrical neural stimulation and expanding the dynamic range for brightness, and specifically a method of improving the contrast of an image supplied to the retina, or visual cortex, through a visual prosthesis. The background brightness for a blind subject is often not perfectly black, but a dark gray or brown. When stimulating visual neurons in the retina, low current stimulation tends to create a dark percept, the perception of a phosphene darker than the background brightness level perceived in the un-stimulated state. The human retina contains neurons that signal light increments (“on” cells) and neurons that signal light decrements (“off” cells). In a healthy retina, the on cells tend to fire in response to an increase in light above the background level, while the off cells tend to fire in response to a decrease in light below the background level.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retinal stimulation are shown. The method comprises varied parameters, including frequency, pulse width, and pattern of pulse trains to determine a stimulation pattern and visual perception threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retinal stimulation are shown. The method comprises varied parameters, including frequency, pulse width, and pattern of pulse trains to determine a stimulation pattern and visual perception threshold.

Abstract: Methods and devices for fitting a visual prosthesis are described. In one of the methods, threshold levels and maximum levels for the electrodes of the prosthesis are determined and a map of brightness to electrode stimulation levels is later formed. A fitting system for a visual prosthesis is also discussed, together with a computer-operated system having a graphical user interface showing visual prosthesis diagnostic screens and visual prosthesis configuration screens.