Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing the amount of a gas in a fluid are disclosed. The apparatus may include a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a first temperature adjusting unit, or a second temperature adjusting unit. The first and second temperature adjusting units may control the temperature of the gas sensor. The first and second temperature adjusting units may each be used to control the temperature of the gas sensor. According to one technique, they may be used simultaneously to control the temperature of the gas sensor. The temperature sensor may be used to sense the temperature of the gas when it has stabilized to the fluid temperature in which it is being used and the temperature of the gas sensor when it is being controlled by at least one of the first or second temperature adjusting units.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fail-safe system for vehicle proximity including, in some embodiments, an autonomous-vehicle control system onboard a vehicle, a brake system of the vehicle, and at least one onboard transceiver onboard the vehicle. An autonomous-vehicle control-system module can be configured with collision-determining logic. A brake-system module can be configured to slow down or stop the vehicle upon receiving a braking-process instruction from the control-system module. A transceiver module can be configured to receive signals from at least one external transmitter moving toward or away from the vehicle. The transceiver module can be configured to send to the control-system module proximity information for the external transmitter as it moves toward or away from the vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing the amount of a gas in a fluid are disclosed. The apparatus may include a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a first temperature adjusting unit, or a second temperature adjusting unit. The first and second temperature adjusting units may control the temperature of the gas sensor. The first and second temperature adjusting units may each be used to control the temperature of the gas sensor. According to one technique, they may be used simultaneously to control the temperature of the gas sensor. The temperature sensor may be used to sense the temperature of the gas sensor when it has stabilized to the fluid temperature in which it is being used and the temperature of the gas sensor when it is being controlled by at least one of the first or second temperature adjusting units.