Abstract: A secondary battery for cycling between a charged and a discharged state, wherein a 2D map of the median vertical position of the first opposing vertical end surface of the electrode active material in the X-Z plane, along the length LE of the electrode active material layer, traces a first vertical end surface plot, EVP1, a 2D map of the median vertical position of the first opposing vertical end surface of the counter-electrode active material layer in the X-Z plane, along the length LC of the counter-electrode active material layer, traces a first vertical end surface plot, CEVP1, wherein for at least 60% of the length Lc of the first counter-electrode active material layer (i) the absolute value of a separation distance, SZ1, between the plots EVP1 and CEVP1 measured in the vertical direction is 1000 ?m?|SZ1|?5 ?m.

Abstract: Secondary batteries and methods of manufacture thereof are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell. Secondary batteries can be prepared by removing a population of negative electrode subunits from a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode sheet edge margin and at least one negative electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the negative electrode sheet edge margin, removing a population of separator layer subunits from a separator sheet, and removing a population of positive electrode subunits from a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode edge margin and at least one positive electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the positive electrode sheet edge margin, and stacking members of the negative electrode subunit population, the separator layer subunit population and the positive electrode subunit population.

Abstract: A process heat exchange rod for cooling or heating liquids in a process vessel. The rod may have a linear form and extend downward through an upper wall of the process vessel into proximity with the lower floor. The rod internally defines a circulatory flow path for the heat exchange medium, including an outer jacket and a flow diverter having a central through bore and external helical flutes. Heat exchange medium travels down through the central through bore and then back up through helical grooves formed between the flow diverter and the outer jacket, or vice versa. Accurate heating or cooling of the process fluid is attained by modification of the configuration of the heat exchange rod as well as the flow rate and temperature of the heat exchange medium. The components may be injection molded of a polymer, often transparent, having a high heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: Embodiments of secondary batteries having electrode assemblies are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an electrode assembly having a stacked series of layers, the stacked series of layers having an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell member of the stacked series. A set of constraints can be provided with a primary constraint system with first and second primary growth constraints separated from each other in a longitudinal direction, and connected by at least one primary connecting member, and a secondary constraint system comprises first and second secondary growth constraints separated in a second direction and connected by members of the stacked series of layers. The primary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction, and the secondary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth in the second direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for utilizing a shared computer system. The method includes receiving, by way of at least one interface, an access request associated with a potential user of a financial entity for access to a secure data processing center of a financial regulatory system, wherein the secure data processing center is configured to share information associated with specified financial activities. The method includes determining a classification of the potential user with respect to one or more potential or actual access rights to be associated with the potential user for accessing the secure data processing center. The determined classification of the potential user is that the potential user is an eligible user of the secure data processing center as defined by an accrediting organization of the financial regulatory system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for utilizing a shared computer system. The method includes receiving, by way of at least one interface, an access request associated with a potential user of a financial entity for access to a secure data processing center of a financial regulatory system, wherein the secure data processing center is configured to share information associated with specified financial activities. The method includes determining a classification of the potential user with respect to one or more potential or actual access rights to be associated with the potential user for accessing the secure data processing center. The determined classification of the potential user is that the potential user is an eligible user of the secure data processing center as defined by an accrediting organization of the financial regulatory system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for utilizing a shared computer system. The method includes receiving, by way of at least one interface, an access request associated with a potential user of a financial entity for access to a secure data processing center of a financial regulatory system, wherein the secure data processing center is configured to share information associated with specified financial activities. The method includes determining a classification of the potential user with respect to one or more potential or actual access rights to be associated with the potential user for accessing the secure data processing center. The determined classification of the potential user is that the potential user is an eligible user of the secure data processing center as defined by an accrediting organization of the financial regulatory system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for utilizing a shared computer system. The method includes receiving, utilizing at least one interface, an access request associated with a potential user for access to a secure data processing center. The method may also include processing, utilizing at least one processor, the access request. The system may also include determining, based on the processed access request, a classification of the potential user with respect to one or more potential or actual access rights to be associated with the potential user for accessing the secure data processing center. In the method, the determined classification of the potential user is that the potential user is at least one of a non-user, an eligible user, a limited user and an authorized user of the secure data processing center.

Abstract: Described here are systems and methods for performing magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) using radio frequency (“RF”) phase gradients to provide spatial encoding of magnetic resonance signals rather than the conventional magnetic field gradients. Particularly, the systems and methods described here implement swept RF pulses (e.g., wideband, uniform rate, and smooth transition (“WURST”) RF pulses) and a quadratic phase correction to enable RF phase gradient encoding in inhomogeneous background (B0) magnetic fields.

Abstract: A system and method of use includes (a) directing a magnetic resonance (MR) system to perform a pulse sequences block in which radio frequency (RF) energy is applied to the subject to substantially saturate magnetization corresponding to an exchangeable proton. The method includes (b), following step (a), acquiring data from the subject with the MR system and (c) repeating step (a) a plurality of times where parameters of the pulse sequence sub-block differ in at least some pulse sequence sub-blocks by at least an amount of RF energy applied to saturate the magnetization. The method further includes (d), after each repetition of step (a), repeating step (b) to acquire data representing signal evolutions from the subject. Additionally, the method includes (e) comparing the signal evolutions with a dictionary database comprising a plurality of different signal evolution templates to determine quantitative chemical exchange or exchangeable proton information of the subject.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging in connection with electrical currents includes nanoparticles introduced into a region in which the electrical currents are present. A low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner detects an effect of a magnetic field generated by interaction of the nanoparticles with the electrical currents in the region. The MRI scanner operates at a magnetic field intensity below a level at which the nanoparticles would be magnetically saturated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for magnetic resonance fingerprinting (“MRF”) using highly differentiated trajectories that optimize differentiation between magnetic resonance signal patterns as a function of relaxation time(s) and static magnetic field homogeneity are described. Using the optimized acquisition parameters, MRF can be performed in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Flip angle homogeneity can also be incorporated into the dictionary matching process to simultaneously estimate quantitative parameters of the subject and radio frequency coil transmission homogeneity profiles.

Abstract: Described here are systems and methods for performing magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) using radio frequency (“RF”) phase gradients to provide spatial encoding of magnetic resonance signals rather than the conventional magnetic field gradients. Particularly, the systems and methods described here implement swept RF pulses (e.g., wideband, uniform rate, and smooth transition (“WURST”) RF pulses) and a quadratic phase correction to enable RF phase gradient encoding in inhomogeneous background (B0) magnetic fields.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging in connection with electrical currents includes nanoparticles introduced into a region in which the electrical currents are present. A low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner detects an effect of a magnetic field generated by interaction of the nanoparticles with the electrical currents in the region. The MRI scanner operates at a magnetic field intensity below a level at which the nanoparticles would be magnetically saturated.

Abstract: A system and method of use includes (a) directing a magnetic resonance (MR) system to perform a pulse sequences block in which radio frequency (RF) energy is applied to the subject to substantially saturate magnetization corresponding to an exchangeable proton. The method includes (b), following step (a), acquiring data from the subject with the MR system and (c) repeating step (a) a plurality of times where parameters of the pulse sequence sub-block differ in at least some pulse sequence sub-blocks by at least an amount of RF energy applied to saturate the magnetization. The method further includes (d), after each repetition of step (a), repeating step (b) to acquire data representing signal evolutions from the subject. Additionally, the method includes (e) comparing the signal evolutions with a dictionary database comprising a plurality of different signal evolution templates to determine quantitative chemical exchange or exchangeable proton information of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for utilizing a shared computer system. The method includes receiving, utilizing at least one interface, an access request associated with a potential user for access to a secure data processing center. The method may also include processing, utilizing at least one processor, the access request. The system may also include determining, based on the processed access request, a classification of the potential user with respect to one or more potential or actual access rights to be associated with the potential user for accessing the secure data processing center. In the method, the determined classification of the potential user is that the potential user is at least one of a non-user, an eligible user, a limited user and an authorized user of the secure data processing center.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for rapid enrollment of users of a secure, shared computer system comprising: (a) a secure shared computer system accessible only by approved users; (b) a plurality of approved users of the secure shared computer system; (c) a system manager that operates the secure shared computer system; (d) a plurality of member organizations, wherein the member organizations purchase a right to allow employees or members of the member organizations to be approved users of the shared computer system from the system manager; (e) at least one email system operated by each member organization which the employees or members of the member organizations use to receive and send email, where access to email sent to each individual employee or member is securely limited to that individual; (f) at least one accrediting organization, wherein the at least one accrediting organization registers member organizations and grants rights for employees or members of the member organizations, indi

Abstract: Systems and methods for magnetic resonance fingerprinting (“MRF”) using highly differentiated trajectories that optimize differentiation between magnetic resonance signal patterns as a function of relaxation time(s) and static magnetic field homogeneity are described. Using the optimized acquisition parameters, MRF can be performed in the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Flip angle homogeneity can also be incorporated into the dictionary matching process to simultaneously estimate quantitative parameters of the subject and radio frequency coil transmission homogeneity profiles.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for rapid enrollment of users of a secure, shared computer system comprising: (a) a secure shared computer system accessible only by approved users; (b) a plurality of approved users of the secure shared computer system; (c) a system manager that operates the secure shared computer system; (d) a plurality of member organizations, wherein the member organizations purchase a right to allow employees or members of the member organizations to be approved users of the shared computer system from the system manager; (e) at least one email system operated by each member organization which the employees or members of the member organizations use to receive and send email, where access to email sent to each individual employee or member is securely limited to that individual; (f) at least one accrediting organization, wherein the at least one accrediting organization registers member organizations and grants rights for employees or members of the member organizations, indi

Abstract: The invention concerns processes for the synthesis of a compound of the formula: wherein: R1 and R2 are each, independently, C1-C12 alkyl, CO2R3, OR4, R5(OR6), or C6-C18 aryl; R3-R6 are each, independently, C1-C12 alkyl or C6-C12 aryl; and n and m are each, independently, O or an integer from 1-5; said process comprising:—contacting a compound of the formula H0-R7-0H with BH3 and a compound of the formula in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst to produce a first product, where R7 is a C2-C12 hydrocarbon group and X is a halogen, OMs or OTs;—contacting the first product in situ with a compound of the formula: in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst to produce a compound of formula I, where Z is a halogen.