Abstract: A vessel sensor for measuring real-time data of a multiphase fluid, the vessel sensor having a housing; an inner electrode, wherein the inner electrode is positioned within the housing; and a vessel cavity located between the housing and the inner electrode.

Abstract: The disclosure provides instrumentation for the Raman spectroscopy analysis of seeds or grains, which can be used to determine the composition of the seed, such as its protein and oil content. In some examples the instrumentation includes an illumination device that emits light in the near infrared range, a sample holder to hold the seeds, and a collection device (e.g., Raman spectrograph) that captures the lights emitted by the seeds. Methods of determining the composition of seeds, such as soybeans, using Raman spectroscopy, are also provided.

Abstract: In a method for measuring a composition of a sample, an illumination surface area of the sample is illuminated using a light source, and light from a plurality of emitting surface areas of the sample is received, each emitting surface area at a different location, the received light scattered by the sample. A cumulative area of the illumination surface area is greater than a cumulative area of two emitting surface areas of the plurality of emitting surface areas. For each emitting surface area, spectral content information associated with received light corresponding to that emitting surface area is determined, and composition information corresponding to a sub-surface region of the sample is determined based on the determined spectral content information. Different shapes of illumination surface areas as well as the plurality of emitting surface areas may advantageously be utilized for various specimen or sample geometries or illumination sources.

Abstract: In a method for measuring a composition of a sample, an illumination surface area of the sample is illuminated using a light source, and light from a plurality of emitting surface areas of the sample is received, each emitting surface area at a different location, the received light scattered by the sample. A cumulative area of the illumination surface area is greater than a cumulative area of two emitting surface areas of the plurality of emitting surface areas. For each emitting surface area, spectral content information associated with received light corresponding to that emitting surface area is determined, and composition information corresponding to a sub-surface region of the sample is determined based on the determined spectral content information. Different shapes of illumination surface areas as well as the plurality of emitting surface areas may advantageously be utilized for various specimen or sample geometries or illumination sources.