Abstract: An atomic vapor cell for performing RF measurements includes: a first optical window of transparent nonconducting material free of electrically conductive materials; an intermediate frame of transparent nonconducting material free of electrically conductive materials; a second optical window disposed on the intermediate frame and including transparent nonconducting material free of electrically conductive materials to minimize distortion of radiofrequency fields by the windows and frame; and a cell aperture, wherein the atomic vapor cell is hermetically sealed by bonding between the first optical window and the second optical window to the intermediate frame.

Abstract: A photonic Rydberg atom radio frequency receiver includes: an integrated photonic chip; an atomic vapor cell; and a receiver member including: a photonic emitter; probe light reflectors disposed on the atomic vapor cell; and coupling light reflectors disposed on the atomic vapor cell such that the pair of coupling light reflectors is optically opposed across the interior vapor space and receives and reflects the coupling laser light so that the coupling laser light is reflected between the coupling light reflectors multiple times in the interior vapor space of the atomic vapor cell.

Abstract: A SI-traceable Rydberg atom radiofrequency power meter determines power of reference radiofrequency radiation and includes: a reference radiofrequency source that provides reference radiofrequency radiation; a vapor cell including: a pair of parallel-plate waveguides; a vapor cell wall including parallel opposing faces of the parallel-plate waveguides; and the vapor space physically bounded by the vapor cell wall to contain gas atoms in an optical overlap volume; and a transmission detector that receives the output light from the vapor cell and produces a transmission signal from the transmission detector for determination of power of the reference radiofrequency radiation, wherein the SI-traceable Rydberg atom radiofrequency power meter determines power of the reference radiofrequency radiation by electromagnetically induced transparency of the gas atoms in a Rydberg electronic state, the determination of power being traceable to the International System of Units (SI).

Abstract: An atomic vapor cell for performing RF measurements includes: a first optical window of transparent nonconducting material free of electrically conductive materials; an intermediate frame of transparent nonconducting material free of electrically conductive materials; a second optical window disposed on the intermediate frame and including transparent nonconducting material free of electrically conductive materials to minimize distortion of radiofrequency fields by the windows and frame; and a cell aperture, wherein the atomic vapor cell is hermetically sealed by bonding between the first optical window and the second optical window to the intermediate frame.

Abstract: A Rydberg atom mixer determines a phase of modulated carrier radiation and includes: a reference radiofrequency source for reference radiofrequency radiation; a modulated carrier source for modulated carrier radiation; a vapor cell to contain gas atoms and that receives reference radiofrequency radiation and modulated carrier radiation, such that the gas atoms produce modulated light modulated; and a transmission detector that receives the modulated light from the vapor cell and produces a transmission signal from the transmission detector for determination of a phase of the modulated carrier radiation, wherein the Rydberg atom mixer mixes the reference radiofrequency radiation and the modulated carrier radiation by the gas atoms in a Rydberg electronic state to produce the intermediate frequency IF that corresponds directly to the phase of the modulated carrier radiation.

Abstract: A SI-traceable Rydberg atom radiofrequency power meter determines power of reference radiofrequency radiation and includes: a reference radiofrequency source that provides reference radiofrequency radiation; a vapor cell including: a pair of parallel-plate waveguides; a vapor cell wall including parallel opposing faces of the parallel-plate waveguides; and the vapor space physically bounded by the vapor cell wall to contain gas atoms in an optical overlap volume; and a transmission detector that receives the output light from the vapor cell and produces a transmission signal from the transmission detector for determination of power of the reference radiofrequency radiation, wherein the SI-traceable Rydberg atom radiofrequency power meter determines power of the reference radiofrequency radiation by electromagnetically induced transparency of the gas atoms in a Rydberg electronic state, the determination of power being traceable to the International System of Units (SI).

Abstract: A Rydberg atom mixer determines a phase of modulated carrier radiation and includes: a reference radiofrequency source for reference radiofrequency radiation; a modulated carrier source for modulated carrier radiation; a vapor cell to contain gas atoms and that receives reference radiofrequency radiation and modulated carrier radiation, such that the gas atoms produce modulated light modulated; and a transmission detector that receives the modulated light from the vapor cell and produces a transmission signal from the transmission detector for determination of a phase of the modulated carrier radiation, wherein the Rydberg atom mixer mixes the reference radiofrequency radiation and the modulated carrier radiation by the gas atoms in a Rydberg electronic state to produce the intermediate frequency IF that corresponds directly to the phase of the modulated carrier radiation.