Abstract: There is provided a method of determining a location of an image within a target geographic region, based on one or more characteristics of the image, comprising: determining a geolocation reference set for the target geographic region, the geolocation reference set including a plurality of reference images of the target geographic region, encoding, with a machine learning model, the one or more reference images into a spatially consistent latent space to generate a plurality of first encodings, receiving one or more images, encoding the one or more images into the latent space to generate a second encoding, and predicting the location of the one or more images by determining a first encoding of the plurality of first encodings that is within an encoding distance threshold of the second encoding. There is also provided a method of training the machine learning model to encode images into a spatially consistent latent space.