Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of identifying subjects in need of treatment for, e.g., a coenzyme A reduction, elevation, sequestration, toxicity, or redistribution (CASTOR) disease such as, for example, defects in fatty acid oxidation enzymes, methylmalonic acidemia, glutaric acidemia, propionic academia, and HMG-CoA lyase, via small molecule modulators of CoA levels. The methods may comprise assessing levels of carnitines, CoA, and/or various metabolites and biomarkers and administration of therapeutics useful in the treatment of CASTOR disorders, metabolic diseases, and/or neurological diseases. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present inventions.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for collecting and transporting thermal energy as vaporized fluid. The vapor will flow from a heat absorption chamber and through a conduit to a point of use where it is condensed. The heat absorption chamber includes a sump in its lower portion to hold a puddle of fluid. A heat source directed against the chamber vaporizes the fluid therewithin and a replacement fluid supply connects with the chamber to maintain the level of the puddle during vaporization. The chamber of the preferred embodiment of the invention is an elongated heat absorption pipe mounted horizontally to maintain the puddle at the lower portion of the pipe. The heat absorption pipe is mounted in a solar collector to receive concentrated solar energy as from a reflector system.