Abstract: Torsional vibration damper for a drivetrain of a motor vehicle, having a primary element rotatable around a rotational axis and a secondary element rotatable relative to the primary element against an energy storage. The energy storage includes a helical compression spring unit. The helical compression spring unit is provided in a spring channel, and the helical compression spring unit includes an outer spring. The outer spring is formed as an arc spring and an inner spring is provided inside of the outer spring and virtually coaxial to the outer spring. The inner spring when disassembled from the helical compression spring unit is formed as a straight helical compression spring. The inner spring has a winding direction that is opposed to a winding direction of the outer spring and the inner spring when installed in the torsional vibration damper, is shorter than the outer spring by a value of x.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting deposits in a membrane module which produces a permeate and which comprises at least one permeable or semipermeable membrane layer. At least one polymer optical fiber for detecting deposits on the membrane layer is integrated in the membrane module such that the polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one membrane layer. A method of detecting deposits in a membrane module producing a permeate and to a membrane module for producing a permeate from a feed stream of a fluid, in particular an aqueous solution, with the membrane module comprising a plurality of adjacently disposed or stacked sheets of a permeable or semipermeable membrane layer and with at least one polymer optical fiber being embedded or integrated in the membrane module, which polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one sheet of the membrane layer.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting deposits in a membrane module which produces a permeate and which comprises at least one permeable or semipermeable membrane layer. At least one polymer optical fiber for detecting deposits on the membrane layer is integrated in the membrane module such that the polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one membrane layer. A method of detecting deposits in a membrane module producing a permeate and to a membrane module for producing a permeate from a feed stream of a fluid, in particular an aqueous solution, with the membrane module comprising a plurality of adjacently disposed or stacked sheets of a permeable or semipermeable membrane layer and with at least one polymer optical fiber being embedded or integrated in the membrane module, which polymer optical fiber is in contact with at least one sheet of the membrane layer.

Abstract: A strand of bags includes bags that are connected to one another at their lower and upper edges. Opposing side edge areas of the bags are folded inwards towards the longitudinal axis of the bag on the front and/or back side of the bags. The upper edge of the front and/or back side of a bag is detachably connected at at least two spaced-apart first and second sections with the lower edge of an adjacent bag, defining an outlet opening. Further disclosed is a bag dispenser that includes a base or support device, a front extraction edge, and a severing device in front of or above the extraction edge suitable for engaging in an outlet opening between two adjacent bags of the strand of bags. Opposing side walls each have a guiding device for a rotary axis for at least one wound roll of bags.

Abstract: A system to guide a media handler used by an automated media exchanger is disclosed. The automated media exchanger is of the type that uses an imaging apparatus to identify media located in the automated media exchanger. The imaging apparatus images a guidance target that is affixed to a predetermined location relative to media within the automated media exchanger. The guidance target comprises a first edge and a second edge, wherein the first edge and the second edge define boundaries of reflective difference. A first axis intersects the first edge at a first point and the second edge at a second point. The distance between the first point and the second point corresponds to a location on a second axis. The system measures the distance between the two points to correlate the location, relative to the second axis, where the target was imaged. The location of the imaging apparatus and, thus, the media handler, may, be readily determined relative to the media.