Abstract: A device including a gate driver stage, a decoupling circuit, and a semiconductor switch. The semiconductor switch has at least a first semiconductor transistor and a second semiconductor transistor. The first semiconductor transistor and the second semiconductor transistor are connected in parallel to one another. The decoupling circuit is electrically connected on the input side to an output of the gate driver stage and on the output side to the semiconductor switch. The decoupling circuit has a first decoupling path and a second decoupling path. The first decoupling path is electrically connected to a first gate terminal of the first semiconductor transistor and the second decoupling path is electrically connected to a second gate terminal of the second semiconductor transistor. The first decoupling path and the second decoupling path are connected in parallel to one another, and are constructed identically.

Abstract: A power semiconductor module. The power semiconductor module includes a circuit carrier and at least one semiconductor switch, in particular a semiconductor switch half-bridge, connected to the circuit carrier. The circuit carrier includes an electrically insulating layer, in particular a ceramic layer, and two electrically conductive layers which are separated from one another by an insulating region, in particular an insulating trench, and are both connected to the electrically insulating layer. The electrically conductive layers are both electrically connected to a switching path connection of the semiconductor switch. The power semiconductor module includes at least one metal shaped body, which is connected to the electrically conductive layer and configured to melt when the predetermined temperature is exceeded, to overcome the insulating region, and to connect the electrically conductive layers separated from one another by the insulating region electrically, in particular low-ohmically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (200) for controlling a plurality of semiconductor switches connected in parallel, having an activation connection (213) and a deactivation connection (214), and having a plurality of control connections (220), each provided for connection to a control connection (123) of one of the plurality of semiconductor switches, wherein the activation connection (213) and the deactivation connection (214) are each connected to each of the plurality of control connections (220), and wherein a circuit breaker (230) is provided between the activation connection (213) and at least one of the control connections (220), furthermore having at least one detection and control arrangement which is designed to detect a current flow in the at least one of the control connections (220) and, if a short-circuit is detected on the basis of the current flow, to control the circuit breaker (230) to open.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (200) for controlling a plurality of semiconductor switches connected in parallel, having an activation connection (213) and a deactivation connection (214), and having a plurality of control connections (220), each provided for connection to a control connection (123) of one of the plurality of semiconductor switches, wherein the activation connection (213) and the deactivation connection (214) are each connected to each of the plurality of control connections (220), and wherein a circuit breaker (230) is provided between the activation connection (213) and at least one of the control connections (220), furthermore having at least one detection and control arrangement which is designed to detect a current flow in the at least one of the control connections (220) and, if a short-circuit is detected on the basis of the current flow, to control the circuit breaker (230) to open.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement (100) for operating an electrical machine (101) in a motor vehicle, having a first electrical drive train (103-1) in which a first battery direct converter (105-1) can be connected to the electrical machine (101) via a first switching device (107-1); a second electrical drive train (103-2) in which a second battery direct converter (105-2) can be connected to the electrical machine (101) via a second switching device (107-2); a third electrical drive train (103-3) in which a third battery direct converter (105-3) is connected to the electrical machine (101), one converter connection of which can be connected to the second drive train (103-2) via a third switching device (107-3) and the other converter connection of which can be connected to the second drive train (103-2) via a fourth switching device (107-4); a DC voltage section (109) for providing a DC voltage for a vehicle electrical system, which DC voltage section is connected to the first, second an

Abstract: The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement (100) for operating an electrical machine (101) in a motor vehicle, having a first electrical drive train (103-1) in which a first battery direct converter (105-1) can be connected to the electrical machine (101) via a first switching device (107-1); a second electrical drive train (103-2) in which a second battery direct converter (105-2) can be connected to the electrical machine (101) via a second switching device (107-2); a third electrical drive train (103-3) in which a third battery direct converter (105-3) is connected to the electrical machine (101), one converter connection of which can be connected to the second drive train (103-2) via a third switching device (107-3) and the other converter connection of which can be connected to the second drive train (103-2) via a fourth switching device (107-4); a DC voltage section (109) for providing a DC voltage for a vehicle electrical system, which DC voltage section is connected to the first, second an

Abstract: An ATR objective (1) for an IR microscope has a Cassegrain objective (2), an ATR crystal (7), a holding bar (8) to one end of which on the side of the sample, the ATR crystal (7) is mounted, a holding element (10), thin struts (9) which rigidly connect the holding bar (8) to the holding element (10) and intersect an optical path of the ATR objective (1) entering or exiting the Cassegrain objective (2) in such a fashion that they shade less than 10% of the beam cross-section of the optical path, and a motor drive (12) for axial movement of the holding element (10) relative to the sample position (3). The automated ATR objective thereby enables simple adjustment of operating modes and different contact pressures of the ATR crystal with respect to a sample (19).

Abstract: ATR (attenuated total reflection) objective (1) for an IR (infrared) microscope, comprising a Cassegrain objective (2) which focuses on a sample position (3) and the two mirrors (2a,2b) of which each have a central bore (5a, 5b), an ATR crystal (7), a holding bar (8) which is guided through the two central bores (5a, 5b) and to one end of which on the side of the sample, the ATR crystal (7) is mounted, a holding element (10) which is disposed in the area or beyond the side of the Cassegrain objective (2) facing away from the sample, thin struts (9) which rigidly connect the holding bar (8) to the holding element (10) and intersect an optical path of the ATR objective (1) entering or exiting the Cassegrain objective (2) in such a fashion that they shade less than 10% of the beam cross-section of the optical path, and a motor drive (12) for axial movement of the holding element (10) relative to the sample position (3).

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring the temperature of a thermally loaded metallic base element, especially a gas turbine component, provided with a protective surface coating includes a sensor integrated in the base element. The sensor is arranged in a recess introduced into the base element from the outside. The protective surface coating is formed continuously over the sensor disposed in the recess.

Abstract: A method for applying a sample film to a sample carrier for subsequent spectroscopic analysis is described, comprising providing a quantity of sample in liquid state, providing a sample carrier having at least one sample position, applying the quantity of sample in liquid state on the at least one sample position in a plurality of partial quantities of the quantity of sample in such a manner that the partial quantities on the at least one sample position are not in contact with one another before being dried, drying the quantity of sample to form the sample film.

Abstract: A method for applying a sample film to a sample carrier for subsequent spectroscopic analysis is described, comprising providing a quantity of sample in liquid state, providing a sample carrier having at least one sample position, applying the quantity of sample in liquid state on the at least one sample position in a plurality of partial quantities of the quantity of sample in such a manner that the partial quantities on the at least one sample position are not in contact with one another before being dried, drying the quantity of sample to form the sample film.

Abstract: A device for the optical spectroscopic examination of interior surfaces (2, 2′) of a body, e.g. of blood vessels (1), comprising an optical spectrometer and an endoscope (3) with a light guide for illuminating the surfaces, wherein at the proximal end of the light guide it is supplied with light and at the distal of the light guide the light can be launched to the surfaces to be examined, wherein at the distal end of this endoscope there is provided a device for receiving the light reflected by the surfaces to be examined, is characterized in that the distal end of the light guide is arranged within an inflatable balloon (4) with an elastic exterior, and that the light decoupled from the light guide and the light reflected by the surfaces to be examined to the receiving device penetrates in each case the exterior of the balloon. In this way, the light launched by the light guide and also the light directed to the surface to be examined and the light scattered by them, if e.g.

Abstract: A total reflection measuring cell for the spectroscopic examination of a sample in an IR spectrometer comprising an ATR crystal (1) having a plane surface (2) and a diaphragm clamped in a clamping frame (13) is characterized in that, additionally a tensioning device is provided for parallel displacement of the diaphragm on an inner partial area of its surface clamped between the legs of the clamping frame (13) in the direction of the plane surface (2) of the ATR crystal (1) that the displaced inner partial area of the diaphragm surface has a higher tension than the clamped diaphragm surface merely clamped in the clamping frame (13) before, and that a stop is provided towards which the tensioning device is forced and fixed in that position such that the inner partial area of the diaphragm surface has always the same defined separation from the plane surface (2) of the ATR crystal (1).