Abstract: An optical system with an entrance pupil, has a first aperture diameter, an exit pupil and a reflective or transmissive filter element spaced at a distance from the entrance pupil, which is designed and arranged such that a second diameter is illuminated on the filter element by a beam passing through the entrance pupil and spreading divergently from this. The second diameter corresponds to n times the first aperture diameter, and n is a number greater than 1, as a result of which the local angular spectrum at each point on the filter element is n times smaller in comparison to the entrance pupil. The filter element selectively reflects or transmits to the exit pupil at each point only a predetermined spectral range. An optical imaging unit comprising the filter element is provided, which images the entrance pupil onto the exit pupil.

Abstract: A waveguide for a detector system includes a transparent main body with a partially transparent incoupling region and a decoupling region that is spaced apart therefrom in a first direction. The incoupling region includes a diffractive structure which deflects only part of radiation coming from an object to be detected and impinging on the front face such that the deflected part propagates as coupled-in radiation in the main body by reflections up to the decoupling region and impinges on the decoupling region. The decoupling region deflects at least part of the coupled-in radiation impinging thereon such that the deflected part exits the main body via the front face or rear face in order to impinge on the detector system. The extent of the incoupling region in a second direction transverse to the first direction is greater than the extent of the decoupling region in the second direction.

Abstract: A screen includes a transparent base body with a front face and a rear face, and an image sensor. The base body includes a coupling-in region and a coupling-out region at a distance therefrom in a first direction. The coupling-in region includes a diffractive structure which deflects only part of the radiation incident on the front face and originating from an object to be detected, such that the deflected part is propagated as coupled-in radiation in the base body by reflection, until it reaches the coupling-out region and is incident on said coupling-out region, and the coupling-out region deflects at least part of said incident coupled-in radiation, such that the deflected part exits the base body via the front face or the rear face and is incident on the image sensor.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus has a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a first direction along a line for generating a plurality of modulated light beams wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises a plurality of optical elements, which are arranged in the first direction, and a laser projector apparatus for scanning the optical elements in the first direction. A deflection apparatus is included for adjustably deflecting the plurality of modulated light beams in a second direction, wherein the second direction differs from the first direction; and wherein the deflection apparatus comprises a rotating element and the optical elements are arranged on the rotating element.

Abstract: A device for data projection, includes a holographic element arranged as a imaging element for a windshield. An imaging device has a first imaging system and a second imaging system configured to illuminate the holographic element. The holographic element has a first volume hologram structured to be angle-selective for light under a first illumination angle and to generate a first two-dimensional virtual image at a first fixed distance from the holographic element corresponding to the first image data, and a second volume hologram structured to be angle-selective for light under a second illumination angle and to generate a second two-dimensional virtual image at a second fixed distance from the holographic element different from the first distance corresponding to the second image data, such that the first and second images are viewable separately and simultaneously by a person.

Abstract: A functionalized waveguide for a detector system includes an incoupling region of a main body that deflects only part of the radiation coming from an object to be detected and impinges on the front face such that the deflected part propagates as coupled-in radiation in the main body by reflections up to the decoupling region and impinges on the decoupling region. A decoupling region deflects at least part of the coupled-in radiation impinging thereon such that the deflected part exits the main body via the front or rear face to impinge on the detector system. The extent of the incoupling region in a second direction transverse to the first direction is greater than the extent of the decoupling region in the second direction. In the second direction, the incoupling region has at least two different diffractive incoupling structures which have a different deflection component in the second direction.

Abstract: A device for data projection, comprising a holographic element to be arranged by a windshield. An imaging device comprising a first imaging system is arranged at a first angle with respect to the holographic element and configured to illuminate the holographic element at a first illumination angle with first illumination light modulated with first image data. A second imaging system is arranged at a second angle with respect to the holographic element and configured to illuminate the holographic element at a second illumination angle different from the first illumination angle with second illumination light modulated with second image data such that on the holographic element the first illumination light overlaps with the second illumination light.

Abstract: A supply device for a high-power load includes a DC/DC voltage converter disposed between a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side. The DC/DC voltage converter includes a first sub-converter and a second sub-converter. The sub-converters are connected to one another in a converter series circuit between first and second primary-side DC voltage poles. The second sub-converter is connected between first and second secondary-side DC voltage poles. The sub-converters each have at least one AC voltage terminal connected to one another by a coupling device to permit an exchange of electrical power between the first and second sub-converters. The secondary-side DC voltage poles are configured for connection to the high-power load. An arrangement for converting electrical energy into chemical energy with gas generation includes the supply device.

Abstract: An optical system with an entrance pupil, has a first aperture diameter, an exit pupil and a reflective or transmissive filter element spaced at a distance from the entrance pupil, which is designed and arranged such that a second diameter is illuminated on the filter element by a beam passing through the entrance pupil and spreading divergently from this. The second diameter corresponds to n times the first aperture diameter, and n is a number greater than 1, as a result of which the local angular spectrum at each point on the filter element is n times smaller in comparison to the entrance pupil. The filter element selectively reflects or transmits to the exit pupil at each point only a predetermined spectral range. An optical imaging unit comprising the filter element is provided, which images the entrance pupil onto the exit pupil.

Abstract: A current converter unit for a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission contains a first converter and a second converter. A first direct-current terminal of the first converter is connected to a first conductor terminal point for a first HVDC transmission conductor. A second direct-current terminal of the first converter is connected to a first direct-current terminal of the second converter such that a connection point is formed. A second direct-current terminal of the second converter is connected to a second conductor terminal point for a second HVDC transmission conductor. The connection point is connected to ground potential by a current-damping electric component, and the connection point is connected to the ground potential by a direct-current switch.

Abstract: A functionalized waveguide for a detector system and a lighting and/or projection system includes a transparent base body. A first outcoupling region deflects at least a part of the incoupled radiation hitting the first outcoupling region, such that the deflected part exits the base body via a front side or a rear side thereof in order to hit the detector system. The extent of the first incoupling region in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction is greater than the extent of the first outcoupling region in the second direction. The base body has a second outcoupling region, which deflects at least a part of light from a light source or image source hitting the second outcoupling region as illuminating radiation, such that the deflected part is used for illumination and/or projection.

Abstract: A waveguide for a detector system includes a transparent main body with a partially transparent incoupling region and a decoupling region that is spaced apart therefrom in a first direction. The incoupling region includes a diffractive structure which deflects only part of radiation coming from an object to be detected and impinging on the front face such that the deflected part propagates as coupled-in radiation in the main body by reflections up to the decoupling region and impinges on the decoupling region. The decoupling region deflects at least part of the coupled-in radiation impinging thereon such that the deflected part exits the main body via the front face or rear face in order to impinge on the detector system. The extent of the incoupling region in a second direction transverse to the first direction is greater than the extent of the decoupling region in the second direction.

Abstract: A functionalized waveguide for a detector system includes an incoupling region of a main body that deflects only part of the radiation coming from an object to be detected and impinges on the front face such that the deflected part propagates as coupled-in radiation in the main body by reflections up to the decoupling region and impinges on the decoupling region. A decoupling region deflects at least part of the coupled-in radiation impinging thereon such that the deflected part exits the main body via the front or rear face to impinge on the detector system. The extent of the incoupling region in a second direction transverse to the first direction is greater than the extent of the decoupling region in the second direction. In the second direction, the incoupling region has at least two different diffractive incoupling structures which have a different deflection component in the second direction.

Abstract: A screen includes a transparent base body with a front face and a rear face, and an image sensor. The base body includes a coupling-in region and a coupling-out region at a distance therefrom in a first direction. The coupling-in region includes a diffractive structure which deflects only part of the radiation incident on the front face and originating from an object to be detected, such that the deflected part is propagated as coupled-in radiation in the base body by reflection, until it reaches the coupling-out region and is incident on said coupling-out region, and the coupling-out region deflects at least part of said incident coupled-in radiation, such that the deflected part exits the base body via the front face or the rear face and is incident on the image sensor.

Abstract: A functionalized waveguide for a detector system includes a base body, wherein the incoupling region thereof comprises a plurality of diffractive incoupling structures, which differ in that they have different horizontal fields of view in a plane which is spanned by a perpendicular to the front side and by a second direction transverse to the first direction, such that said structures deflect radiation from the different horizontal fields of view to the outcoupling region.

Abstract: A functionalized waveguide for a detector system is provided. A transparent base body of the waveguide has a partly transparent coupling-in region and a coupling-out region at a distance therefrom in a first direction. The coupling-in region includes at least two volume holograms, which each deflect only part of radiation coming from an object to be detected and striking the front side such that the deflected part, as coupled-in radiation in the base body, is propagated by reflections as far as the coupling-out region and strikes the coupling-out region. The volume holograms of the coupling-in region differ in that their deflection function has different spectral angular properties. The coupling-out region deflects at least part of the coupled-in radiation striking said region such that the deflected part exits the base body via the front side or rear side, in order to strike the detector system.

Abstract: A converter arrangement includes a converter phase extending between first and second DC voltage poles. The converter phase includes an AC voltage terminal, a first converter arm extending between the first DC voltage pole and the AC voltage terminal and a second converter arm extending between the AC voltage terminal and the second DC voltage pole. The first converter arm includes a first series circuit of two-pole switching modules and the second converter arm includes a second series circuit of two-pole switching modules. Each of the switching modules includes power semiconductor switches and an energy store. A phase module arrester in an arrester branch is parallel with the two series circuits of the switching modules. The phase module arrester is configured for overvoltage protection of the switching modules of the two series circuits. A method for short-circuit protection of the converter arrangement is also provided.

Abstract: Used are an imaging apparatus for a device for data projection and an optical component and a corresponding device for data projection. The imaging apparatus here comprises a plurality of light-emitting elements, arranged in a first direction, and a deflection apparatus for deflecting light beams in a second direction. The optical component can comprise a windshield which is provided with holograms.

Abstract: Used are an imaging apparatus for a device for data projection and an optical component and a corresponding device for data projection. The imaging apparatus here comprises a plurality of light-emitting elements (10), arranged in a first direction, and a deflection apparatus (11) for deflecting light beams in a second direction. The optical component can comprise a windshield which is provided with holograms.

Abstract: A current converter unit for a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission contains a first converter and a second converter. A first direct-current terminal of the first converter is connected to a first conductor terminal point for a first HVDC transmission conductor. A second direct-current terminal of the first converter is connected to a first direct-current terminal of the second converter such that a connection point is formed. A second direct-current terminal of the second converter is connected to a second conductor terminal point for a second HVDC transmission conductor. The connection point is connected to ground potential by a current-damping electric component, and the connection point is connected to the ground potential by a direct-current switch.