Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising an oxide additive and solar cells obtainable therefrom. More specifically, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a conductive paste composition comprising the following paste constituents: a. at least about 70 wt. % Ag particles, based on the paste; b. a vehicle; c. a glass; d. an oxide additive comprising MI, MII, and O; wherein MI and MII are different; wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of: V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge, As, Sb, Se, Te, Pb and Bi; wherein MII is selected from the group consisting of: V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge, As, Sb, Se, Te, Pb, Bi, Mn, Ce, Zn, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; wherein the oxide additive is crystalline according to electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) measurement.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising Ag nano-particles and spherical Ag micro-particles in the preparation of electrodes, particularly in electrical devices, particularly in temperature sensitive electrical devices or solar cells, particularly in HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) solar cells. In particular, the invention relates to a paste, a process for preparing a paste, a precursor, a process for preparing an electrical device and a module comprising electrical devices. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: a. Ag particles, b. a polymer system; wherein the Ag particles have a multi-modal distribution of particle diameter with at least a first maximum in the range from about 1 nm to about less than 1 ?m and at least a further maximum in the range from about 1 ?m to about less than 1 mm; wherein the difference between the first and the further maximum is at least about 0.3 ?m; wherein at least 50 wt.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with halogen containing compounds as additives and solar cells with high Ohmic sheet resistance, preferably photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a solar cell precursor at least comprising as precursor parts: i) a wafer with sheet resistance of at least 80 Ohm/sq.; ii) an electro-conductive paste at least comprising: a) metallic particles; b) a glass frit; c) an organic vehicle; and d) a halogen containing compound applied to the wafer.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes containing binary glass frits and photovoltaic solar cells, preferably n-type photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a solar cell precursor comprising as precursor parts i. a wafer with a back face and a front face, wherein the front face comprises a p-doped layer ii. a first paste comprising Ag particles; Al particles in a range from about 0.01 to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the paste; a vehicle; a glass frit in a range from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the paste, wherein the glass frit comprises a first glass frit with a glass transition temperature Tgl and a further glass frit with a glass transition temperature Tgf, wherein Tgf differs from Tgl by at least about 10° C.; an additive; superimposed on a first area on said p-doped layer.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising a metal additive and solar cells obtainable therefrom by application of the paste to a p-type doped face. More specifically, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a precursor comprising the following paste constituents: a. A Si wafer with at least one p-type doped face and at least one n-type doped face; b. A conductive paste comprising the following paste constituents: i. at least about 70 wt. % Ag particles, based on the paste, ii. a vehicle, iii. a glass, iv. a metal compound comprising a metal M and which is one or more selected from the group consisting of: an organic metal oxide, a metal oxide, an organic metal compound and a silver metal oxide; wherein the conductive paste b. is superimposed on a p-type doped face.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inorganic reaction system used in the manufacture of electroconductive pastes. The inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing matrix forming composition and a tellurium oxide additive. Preferably the lead containing matrix forming composition is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system, and the tellurium oxide additive is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system. The lead containing matrix forming composition may be a glass frit, and may comprise lead oxide. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electroconductive paste composition that comprises metallic particles, an inorganic reaction system as previously disclosed, and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an organic vehicle that comprises one or more of a binder, a surfactant, a solvent, and a thixatropic agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising coarse SiO2 particles in the preparation of electrodes in solar cells, particularly in the preparation of electrodes in MWT solar cells, particularly in the preparation of the metal wrap through, or plug, electrode in such solar cells. In particular, the invention relates to a solar cell precursor, a process for preparing a solar cells, a solar cell and a module comprising solar cells. The invention relates to a solar cell precursor at least comprising as precursor parts: i) a wafer (101) with at least one hole (315) with a Si surface (113); ii) an electro-conductive paste (105) at least comprising as paste constituents: a) metallic particles; b) an inorganic reaction system; c) an organic vehicle; and d) inorganic oxide particles having no glass transition temperature below about 750° C. or a glass transition temperature which is at least about 50° C.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes comprising organic metal oxide and solar cells obtainable therefrom, preferably photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a conductive paste composition comprising the following paste constituents: a. at least 70 wt. % Ag particles, based on the paste; b. a vehicle; c. an inorganic reaction system; d. an organic metal oxide comprising a metal M; wherein the metal M is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: Se, Ge, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Te, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising an oxide additive and solar cells obtainable therefrom. More specifically, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a conductive paste composition comprising the following paste constituents: a. at least about 70 wt. % Ag particles, based on the paste; b. a vehicle; c. a glass; d. an oxide additive comprising MI, MII, and O; wherein MI and MII are different; wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of: V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge, As, Sb, Se, Te, Pb and Bi; wherein MII is selected from the group consisting of: V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge, As, Sb, Se, Te, Pb, Bi, Mn, Ce, Zn, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; wherein the oxide additive is crystalline according to electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) measurement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell (1) comprising a substrate (2) of p-type silicon or n-type silicon, wherein the substrate (2) comprises a front side (2a) the surface of which is at least partially covered with at least one passivation layer (3) and a back side (2b), wherein the back side (2b) of the substrate (2) is at least partially covered with a conductive polymer layer (4) and wherein at least one of the following conditions a) and b) is fulfilled: a) the conductive polymer layer (4) is at least partially in direct contact with the surface of the p-type or n-type silicon; b) the conductive polymer layer (4) comprises a cationic conductive polymer and a polymeric anion in a weight ratio cationic conductive polymer:polymeric anion of greater than 0.4. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a solar cell, to a solar cell obtainable by this process and to a solar module.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes comprising metals compounds and solar cells obtainable therefrom, preferably photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a precursor comprising the following precursor constituents: a. An Si wafer having a surface with a dopant concentration in the range from about 2*1018 to about 2*1021 cm?3; b. An electro-conductive paste superimposed over the surface, wherein the electroconductive paste comprises the following paste constituents: i. Silver particles at least about 70 wt. % based on the total weight of the paste; ii. Inorganic reaction system; iii. A metal compound comprising a metal M; iv. Organic vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inorganic reaction system used in the manufacture of electroconductive pastes. The inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing matrix forming composition and a tellurium oxide additive. Preferably the lead containing matrix forming composition is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system, and the tellurium oxide additive is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system. The lead containing matrix forming composition may be a glass frit, and may comprise lead oxide. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electroconductive paste composition that comprises metallic particles, an inorganic reaction system as previously disclosed, and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an organic vehicle that comprises one or more of a binder, a surfactant, a solvent, and a thixatropic agent.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to a paste comprising: i) silver particles; ii) a particulate lead-silicate glass comprising iia) at least one oxide of silicon; iib) at least one oxide of lead; iic) at least one chloride; iid) optionally at least one further oxide being different from components iia) and iib); iii) an organic vehicle. The invention also relates to a solar cell precursor, to a process for the preparation of a solar cell, to a solar cell obtainable by this process, to a module comprising such a solar cell and to the use of a particulate lead-silicate glass as a component in a silver paste that can be used for the formation of an electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inorganic reaction system used in the manufacture of electroconductive pastes. The inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing matrix forming composition and a tellurium oxide additive. Preferably the lead containing matrix forming composition is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system, and the tellurium oxide additive is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system. The lead containing matrix forming composition may be a glass frit, and may comprise lead oxide. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electroconductive paste composition that comprises metallic particles, an inorganic reaction system as previously disclosed, and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the present invention relates to an organic vehicle that comprises one or more of a binder, a surfactant, a solvent, and a thixatropic agent.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising a metal additive and solar cells obtainable therefrom by application of the paste to a p-type doped face. More specifically, the present invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The present invention relates to a precursor comprising the following paste constituents: a. A Si wafer with at least one p-type doped face and at least one n-type doped face; b. A conductive paste comprising the following paste constituents: i. at least about 70 wt. % Ag particles, based on the paste, ii. a vehicle, iii. a glass, iv. a metal compound comprising a metal M and which is one or more selected from the group consisting of: an organic metal oxide, a metal oxide, an organic metal compound and a silver metal oxide; wherein the conductive paste b. is superimposed on a p-type doped face.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-conductive paste comprising Ag particles with a multimodal diameter distribution in the preparation of electrodes in solar cells, particularly in the preparation of electrodes in MWT solar cells, particularly in the preparation of the metal wrap through, or plug, electrode in such solar cells. In particular, the invention relates to a solar cell precursor, a process for preparing a solar cell, a solar cell and a module comprising solar cells. The invention relates to a solar cell precursor at least comprising as precursor parts: i) a wafer with at least one hole with a Si surface; ii) an electro-conductive paste at least comprising as paste constituents: a) metallic particles; b) an inorganic reaction system; c) an organic vehicle; and d) an additive; comprised by the hole, wherein the metallic particles have a multimodal distribution of particle diameter.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes comprising particles with comprise Al and Ag and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells, preferably n-type photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a paste comprising as paste constituents: a. At least 80 wt. % silver powder, based on the total weight of the paste; b. An inorganic reaction system; c. An organic vehicle; d. Additive particles comprising Al and Ag as particle constituents, wherein Al and Ag are present in the additive particles as elements or in one or more single phase mixtures of elements comprising one or both of Al and Ag, or a combination of one or both of Al and Ag as elements with one or more mixtures of elements, a combination of one or more elements with one or more mixtures of elements.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes comprising particles with comprise Al, Si and Mg and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells, preferably n-type photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a paste comprising as paste constituents: a. At least 80 wt. % silver powder, based on the total weight of the paste; b. An inorganic reaction system; c. An organic vehicle; d. Additive particles comprising Al, Mg and Si as particle constituents, wherein Al, Mg and Si are present in the additive particles as elements or in one or more single phase mixtures of elements comprising one or more of the particle constituents, or a combination of one or more elements with one or more single phase mixtures of elements.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with characteristic weight loss and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: i. Metal particles; ii. An inorganic reaction system; iii. An organic vehicle; wherein the first weight loss ?30 is in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.3 wt. %.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes with characteristic weight loss and their use in the preparation of photovoltaic solar cells. More specifically, the invention relates to electro-conductive pastes, solar cell precursors, processes for preparation of solar cells, solar cells and solar modules. The invention relates to a paste comprising the following paste constituents: i. Metal particles; ii. An inorganic reaction system; iii. An organic vehicle; wherein the first weight loss ?30 is in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.3 wt. %.