Abstract: Geologic modeling methods and systems disclosed herein employ fault face parameterization to constrain and improve the transformation of a faulted physical space geologic model into an unfaulted depositional space geologic model. An illustrative embodiment includes: associating a seismic image with each face of at least one fault in a subsurface region; determining a correspondence map between the seismic images for said at least one fault; parameterizing the faces using the correspondence map to match parameter value assignments for corresponding portions of the faces; creating a displacement map that draws together matching parameter values to align the corresponding portions of the faces; applying the displacement map to the geologic model to create a design space model; modifying the design space model; applying the displacement map in reverse to the modified design space model to obtain a modified geologic model; and outputting the modified geologic model.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are disclosed herein geologic modeling methods and systems employing reference-based inversion of seismic image volumes. An illustrative method embodiment includes: (a) obtaining a measured seismic image volume; (b) determining a reference seismic image volume based on a reference model; (c) deriving a synthesized seismic image volume from a geologic model; (d) detecting at least one geologic model region where the synthesized seismic image volume and the measured seismic image volume are mismatched; (e) finding a reference model region where the reference seismic image volume best matches the measured seismic image volume; (f) replacing content of the at least one geologic model region with content of the reference model region to obtain an improved geologic model; and (g) outputting the improved geologic model.

Abstract: A method for examining uncertainty and risk associated with the development of a hydrocarbon resource by rapidly generating and analyzing variations of reservoir models realized from scenarios. The method and system may include instantiating realizations for objects based on the selected parameter ranges; and combining instantiated realizations of the objects into a reservoir model.

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. In this method, a watertight framework may be adjusted to lessen the ill-formed mesh elements. The method collapses mesh elements and/or eliminates nodes enhance the watertight framework and subsequent subsurface model. The resulting subsurface model may be used in reservoir simulations and hydrocarbon operations.

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. In this method, discontinuous functions are interpolated in a subsurface model. The method extrapolates specified values over discontinuous manifolds by embedding the manifold in a higher-dimensional space that amplifies distances across discontinuities and thus eliminates special consideration to prevent extrapolation across discontinuities. The resulting subsurface model may be used in reservoir simulations and hydrocarbon operations.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are disclosed herein geologic modeling methods and systems employing reference-based inversion of seismic image volumes. An illustrative method embodiment includes: (a) obtaining a measured seismic image volume; (b) determining a reference seismic image volume based on a reference model; (c) deriving a synthesized seismic image volume from a geologic model; (d) detecting at least one geologic model region where the synthesized seismic image volume and the measured seismic image volume are mismatched; (e) finding a reference model region where the reference seismic image volume best matches the measured seismic image volume; (f) replacing content of the at least one geologic model region with content of the reference model region to obtain an improved geologic model; and (g) outputting the improved geologic model.

Abstract: Geologic modeling methods and systems disclosed herein employ fault face parameterization to constrain and improve the transformation of a faulted physical space geologic model into an unfaulted depositional space geologic model. An illustrative embodiment includes: associating a seismic image with each face of at least one fault in a subsurface region; determining a correspondence map between the seismic images for said at least one fault; parameterizing the faces using the correspondence map to match parameter value assignments for corresponding portions of the faces; creating a displacement map that draws together matching parameter values to align the corresponding portions of the faces; applying the displacement map to the geologic model to create a design space model; modifying the design space model; applying the displacement map in reverse to the modified design space model to obtain a modified geologic model; and outputting the modified geologic model.

Abstract: A system and methods for analyzing seismic data are provided herein. The method includes identifying, via a computing device, a representation of a seismic data set (1802) and determining a number of feature descriptors corresponding to each of a number of aggregates within the representation (1804). The method also includes identifying a query relating to the representation and one or more vocabulary definitions relating to the query (1806), analyzing the representation to compute a likelihood that each of the aggregates satisfies the query (1808), and returning a result of the query (1810).

Abstract: System for controlling an injection of fuel in an engine is disclosed. The engine includes a cylinder and a first fuel injector to inject a first fuel in the cylinder. The system includes a sensor disposed on or proximate to the first fuel injector and configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of at least one of a start of the injection and an end of the injection of the first fuel. The system further includes a controller configured to adjust at least one of a mass and the start of injection of the first fuel to be injected by the first fuel injector based on the electrical signal. A dual-fuel engine employing the system for controlling an injection of fuel in an engine is also disclosed. Moreover, method and non-transitory computer readable media for controlling an injection of the fuel are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for building a structural model of the subsurface. The method may comprise obtaining discretized data that includes surfaces, polylines, points, or combinations thereof. The surfaces in the discretized data are segmented by other surfaces to form a number of segments. Each of the segments are fit to an implicit function. The implicit function for each of the segments is thresholded to create a number of implicit surfaces. The implicit surfaces are intersected to create a number of model surfaces. The structural model is then constructed from the model surfaces.

Abstract: Method and system are described for modeling one or more geophysical properties of a subsurface volume. The method includes computing vector volumes to enhance subsurface modeling and update these vector volumes. The vectors are estimated (106) from the data, for example dip or azimuth, and then the vector volume may be updated by an optimization process (808). Flattening the original data (802) may assist the vector estimation, and associating data traces and samples of traces with labels (108) may assist the flattening. The vector volume may then be used to extract horizons (110) and generate a stratigraphic model (112) to enhance the process of producing hydrocarbons (114).

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. In this method, discontinuous functions are interpolated in a subsurface model. The method extrapolates specified values over discontinuous manifolds by embedding the manifold in a higher-dimensional space that amplifies distances across discontinuities and thus eliminates special consideration to prevent extrapolation across discontinuities. The resulting subsurface model may be used in reservoir simulations and hydrocarbon operations.

Abstract: Method and system are described for modeling one or more geophysical properties of a subsurface volume (102). The present disclosure provides method of modeling the subsurface comprising obtaining one or more subsurface volumes and performing at least two operations (104) on the subsurface volumes. A graph of operations is determined (106) based on each of the at least two operations in which the graph of operations includes a description of each of the at least two operations and a flow path for the each of the at least two operations (108). The graph of operation is stored (110). A specific operation within the graph of operations may then be identified (112). An additional operation may be created and connected to the graph of operations at a node associated with the specific operation to provide an additional branch to the graph of operations (114).

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. In this method, a watertight framework may be adjusted to lessen the ill-formed mesh elements. The method collapses mesh elements and/or eliminates nodes enhance the watertight framework and subsequent subsurface model. The resulting subsurface model may be used in reservoir simulations and hydrocarbon operations.

Abstract: Method and system are described for generating a stratigraphic model of a subsurface volume. Measured geophysical data are converted into a vector volume (106) by assigning to each sample in each trace in the data volume a vector representing dip, azimuth or confidence. Then a labeled volume is generated from the vector volume by assigning a label to each sample in an initial trace (1006), then selecting a propagation pattern (1008) and propagating the labels to other traces (1010). Horizons can be extracted (110) from the labeled volume, and utilized to enhance the process of producing hydrocarbons (114).

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. The method and system may include updating a subsurface model having objects associated with a subsurface region. The method includes obtaining a subsurface model having a mesh formed from various nodes and forming blocks or mesh elements, which have mesh shapes. Then, areas of the mesh that need repair are identified and one or more of a local re-meshing operation, an edge-flipping operation, a collapsing operation and any combination thereof are applied to the identified areas. The resulting updated subsurface model is then outputted.

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. The method involves forming a volumetric representation having objects associated with the subsurface region; computing a value for each of the blocks based on an object priority function; and removing one or more blocks based on constraints and the object priority function to create the watertight model. Then, using the watertight model to perform simulations and in performing hydrocarbon operations.

Abstract: A method and system are described for creating a subsurface model. In this method, a framework is obtained that includes various objects associated with a subsurface region. A background mesh is generated to enclose the framework and then cell splitting is performed to modify the background mesh into a watertight model. The watertight model may be assigned properties and utilized in simulations to assist in performing hydrocarbon operations.

Abstract: A fully automated method for correcting errors in one interpretation (13) of seismic data based on comparison to at least one other interpretation (14) of the same subsurface region. The errors may occur in any feature of the seismic data volume, for example a horizon, surface, fault, polyline, fault stick, or geo-body. In some embodiments of the invention, an error may be a hole in a horizon (53), and the whole is patched by a piece of a horizon in another interpretation (55). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a single interpretation may be used to repair itself, for example by identifying similarly shaped, adjacent horizons (67), and merging them (68).

Abstract: Method for decomposing a complexly shaped object in a data set, such as a geobody (31) in a seismic data volume, into component objects more representative of the true connectivity state of the system represented by the data set. The geobody is decomposed using a basis set of eigenvectors (33) of a connectivity matrix (32) describing the state of connectivity between voxels in the geobody. Lineal subspaces of the geobody in eigenvector space are associated with likely component objects (34), either by a human interpreter (342) cross plotting (341) two or more eigenvectors, or in an automated manner in which a computer algorithm (344) detects the lineal sub-spaces and the clusters within them.