Abstract: An apparatus for forwarding a payload data field from a first communication network into a second communication network is provided. The apparatus includes a first interface that is configured to receive a data packet from the first communication network, wherein the data packet includes a data packet header and the payload data field, wherein the data packet header includes a type field. Further, the apparatus includes a second interface that is configured to transmit the payload data field via the second communication network when the type field includes a data value differing from a first data value. The second interface is configured to not transmit the payload data field via the second communication network when the type field includes the first data value.

Abstract: A device for determining an encoded data sequence as a determined data sequence is provided. The encoded data sequence is encoded by an input signal frequency-modulated in accordance with a modulation rule. The encoded data sequence has a plurality of data elements. The device has a filter unit for filtering the frequency-modulated input signal in order to obtain a first frequency-filtered channel signal and a second frequency-filtered channel signal. Additionally, the device has an evaluation unit configured to associate, for each known data sequence of a quantity of known data sequences, two channel-specific signal-to-noise distance values to this known data sequence.

Abstract: A device for determining an encoded data sequence as a determined data sequence is provided. The encoded data sequence is encoded by an input signal frequency-modulated in accordance with a modulation rule. The encoded data sequence has a plurality of data elements. The device has a filter unit for filtering the frequency-modulated input signal in order to obtain a first frequency-filtered channel signal and a second frequency-filtered channel signal. Additionally, the device has an evaluation unit configured to associate, for each known data sequence of a quantity of known data sequences, two channel-specific signal-to-noise distance values to this known data sequence.