Abstract: The present invention relates to a satellite communications system comprising a satellite with a spatial digital modulator for transmitting an incoming bit stream in multiple beams, wherein the spatial digital modulator is configured to generate transmit symbols by dividing the incoming bit stream into symbols of a symbol alphabet and to allocate each transmit symbol to a specific beam. The invention further relates to a method for transmitting a bit stream by such a satellite communications system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a viral infection caused by or associated with SARS-CoV-2 in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject by inhalation intraorally and/or intranasally a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation comprising niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a cyclodextrin.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining a parameter dependent on the concentration of a substance in a sample liquid. The method includes determining a first measured value representing a value of the parameter in a first standard solution using the automatic analysis apparatus, wherein the value of the parameter in the first standard solution is known, and determining a second measured value representing a value of the parameter in a second standard solution using the automatic analysis apparatus, wherein the value of the parameter in the second standard solution is known and differs from the value of the parameter in the first standard solution. The first standard solution or the second standard solution is automatically produced using the analysis apparatus by mixing a predetermined volume of a stock solution containing the substance and a predetermined volume of a dilution liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes an automatic analyzer and a method for the determination of a measurand dependent upon the concentration of one or more ingredients of a measuring fluid. The analyzer includes a measuring cell includes a cuvette and a sensing element, the sensing element including at least one radiation source and at least one detector configured to generate measurement signals, a control and evaluation unit that is connected to the sensing element to receive and process measurement signals of the sensing element, and a delivery and metering unit that can be controlled by the control and evaluation unit, where the control and evaluation unit is configured to control the delivery and metering unit to transport measuring fluid into the cuvette and to monitor the transport of the measuring fluid into the cuvette by means of the sensing element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluid line for conducting a fluid. The fluid line may include an external layer including a crosslinked chlorinated polyethylene (CPE); a reinforcement system arranged within the external layer, and a barrier layer arranged within the reinforcement system and configured to delimit an internal passage of the fluid line configured to conduct the fluid, where the barrier layer is configured to reduce diffusion of the fluid through the barrier layer.

Abstract: An analytical device, including: a processing system for treating a liquid sample and for supplying the treated liquid sample to a measuring cell, to the liquid sample; a measuring transducer for registering a measured value of the treated liquid sample variable; a control unit to control the processing system; and an evaluating unit for determining the measured variable based on the measured value registered by the measuring transducer. The analytical device includes at least one first supply container containing a first reagent component, at least one second supply container containing a second reagent component and a mixing apparatus, for mixing a predetermined amount of the first reagent component contained in the first supply container with a predetermined amount of the second reagent component to form a predetermined amount of the reagent.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes an automatic analyzer and a method for the determination of a measurand dependent upon the concentration of one or more ingredients of a measuring fluid. The analyzer includes a measuring cell includes a cuvette and a sensing element, the sensing element including at least one radiation source and at least one detector configured to generate measurement signals, a control and evaluation unit that is connected to the sensing element to receive and process measurement signals of the sensing element, and a delivery and metering unit that can be controlled by the control and evaluation unit, where the control and evaluation unit is configured to control the delivery and metering unit to transport measuring fluid into the cuvette and to monitor the transport of the measuring fluid into the cuvette by means of the sensing element.

Abstract: A method for determining a dosed, or metered, volume of an automatic peristaltic sample taker, in the case of which a measured, dosed, or metered, volume of the peristaltic sample taker is corrected by means of a calibration map. In order to improve accuracy in the determining of the dosed, or metered, volume, during a calibration phase, the calibration map is corrected by means of a correction curve, which depends on a negative pressure arising in the suction region of the peristaltic sample taker.

Abstract: An analytical device, including: a processing system for treating a liquid sample and for supplying the treated liquid sample to a measuring cell, to the liquid sample; a measuring transducer for registering a measured value of the treated liquid sample variable; a control unit to control the processing system; and an evaluating unit for determining the measured variable based on the measured value registered by the measuring transducer. The analytical device includes at least one first supply container containing a first reagent component, at least one second supply container containing a second reagent component and a mixing apparatus, for mixing a predetermined amount of the first reagent component contained in the first supply container with a predetermined amount of the second reagent component to form a predetermined amount of the reagent.

Abstract: In a method for ascertaining burden resistance for a measurement transmitter, which is supplied with voltage via a first line-pair and which transmits a variable electrical-current signal via an electrical-current loop to a control system via a second line-pair, a test-voltage signal is capacitively coupled into the electrical-current loop and an associated electrical-current signal evaluated. An instantaneous value of the burden resistance is ascertained from a characterizing feature of the electrical-current signal, especially an RC time constant. Thus, already at start-up of a measurement transmitter, a burden resistance, which is too high, can be detected.