Abstract: An exemplary system, method and computer-accessible medium for providing an indication(s) to administer an anesthesia medication(s) to a patient(s) can include, for example, receiving electroencephalogram (“EEG”) information for the patient(s), determining a power spectra(s) of an alpha band of the patient(s) from the EEG information, and providing the indication(s) to administer the anesthesia medication(s) to the patient(s) based on a predetermined drop in the power spectra(s). The predetermined drop can be about 20%. An amount to assign for the predetermined drop can be received. A first derivative power spectra can be determined based on the alpha band, and the indication(s) to administer the anesthesia medication(s) to the patient(s) can be provided based on a further predetermined drop in the first derivative power spectra.

Abstract: An exemplary system, method, and computer-accessible medium for determining an effect of an age of a patient(s) during an administration of a compound can include, for example, receiving electroencephalographic (EEG) information for the patient(s) during the administration of the compound to the patient(s); and determining the effect of the age of the patient(s) based on the EEG information. A bispectral index of the at least one patient during the administration of the compound, or an entropy of the at least one patient during the administration of the compound can be received, and the effect of the age of the patient(s) can be determined based on the bispectral index, or the entropy. The compound can include an anesthesia. The anesthesia can include (i) sevoflurane, (ii) isoflurane, (iii) dexmedetomidine, (iv) propofol, (v) etomidate, (vi) desflurane, or (vii) a combination of ketamine and nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A method and a system for quantifying anaesthesia and/or a state of vigilance (e.g. monitoring sedation or sleep) from a plurality of parameters acquired from a subject allows to determine an indicator that reliably quantifies the hypnotic component of anaesthesia and/or the state of vigilance and/or the analgesic component of anaesthesia, even if the number of parameters varies while monitoring the subject. Preferably, a first sub-indicator based on a first subset of parameters adapted to characterize a boundary region between consciousness and unconsciousness is determined, and a second sub-indicator based on a second subset of parameters adapted to characterize a level of hypnosis of said subject is determined, and said first sub-indicator and said second sub-indicator are then combined to compute a global indicator value.

Abstract: A method and a system for quantifying anaesthesia and/or a state of vigilance (e.g. monitoring sedation or sleep) from a plurality of parameters acquired from a subject allows to determine an indicator that reliably quantifies the hypnotic component of anaesthesia and/or the state of vigilance and/or the analgesic component of anaesthesia, even if the number of parameters varies while monitoring the subject. Preferably, a first sub-indicator based on a first subset of parameters adapted to characterise a boundary region between consciousness and unconsciousness is determined, and a second sub-indicator based on a second subset of parameters adapted to characterise a level of hypnosis of said subject is determined, and said first sub-indicator and said second sub-indicator are then combined to compute a global indicator value.

Abstract: Alkylated glycosyl fluorides free from hydroxyl groups can be prepared by converting glycosyl fluorides which still contain hydroxyl groups into the alkylated compounds in the manner of Williamson's ether synthesis in the presence of basic systems by means of alkylating agents.

Abstract: Glycosyl halides which are O-acylated or O-alkylated at least in the 2-position are transhalogenated with alkali metal hydrogen difluorides in a polar-aprotic solvent and, if appropriate, the product is anomerized with the addition of less than the stoichiometric amounts of an inorganic fluoride with a Lewis acid character. Depending on the substrate, the glycosyl fluorides with the 1,2-trans or 1,2-cis configuration are obtained.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of glycosides which comprises reacting a protected hexopyranosyl fluoride with an aglycon or a silyl ether thereof in the presence of a metal fluoride of group IV or V of the periodic table, said metal having an atomic number of at least 22 and being present in the fluoride in a higher, stable and non-oxidizing or weekly oxidizing stage.

Abstract: 1-Azidoaldoses are obtained by reacting 1-fluoroaldoses with metal azides in polar, water-miscible, preferably water-containing, solvents. The hydroxyl groups do not react at the same time, so that they need not be protected or can be present in a derivatized form.