Abstract: The subject of the invention is the application of CXCL12 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 12) and IGFBP2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus associated pancreatic cancer. The core of this invention is the discovery that the chronically increased glucose levels (chronic hyperglycemia) could may an important role in the development of the pancreatic cancer and that the development of the pancreatic cancer due to chronic hyperglycemia or an already developed pancreatic cancer may be prevented/inhibited/delayed by the inhibition of CXCL12 and IGFBP2. In addition the subject of the invention is the production of inhibitors for the application as a treatment of diabetes mellitus associated pancreatic cancer and pharmaceutical drugs containing the inhibitors.

Abstract: A method is presented for controlling an internal combustion engine (10), which includes an exhaust gas system (12) having an exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22) that temporarily stores exhaust gas constituents and can be regenerated, wherein an expected value for a temperature of the exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22) is formed as a function of an increase in temperature, which arises as a result of exothermal reactions during the duration of an operating mode (BA2) of the internal combustion engine (10) which is set for the regeneration of said exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22), wherein the expected value is compared with an upper threshold value (T_max) and the control of said internal combustion engine (10) is changed when the threshold value (T_max) is exceeded, such that an expected value formed while taking the changed control into account does not exceed said threshold value (T_max).

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in whose exhaust-gas region at least one SCR catalytic converter is disposed, which is acted upon by a reagent contributing to the NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter, and a device for implementing the method. The reagent level in the SCR catalytic converter is controlled or regulated to a predefined reagent setpoint level, which is specified to at least a maximum value, which corresponds to an SCR catalytic converter completely filled with reagent. In this way the SCR catalytic converter is always operated at the highest possible efficiency at which the highest possible NOx conversion takes place.

Abstract: Methods and devices to monitor an exhaust gas after-treatment system of an internal combustion engine with a motor block and an exhaust gas duct. The engine has at least one catalytic converter, upstream from which a reagent substance necessary for the NOx reduction in the catalytic converter is introduced by means of an introduction device. The reduction agent rate is increased to such an extent at defined reference operating points until an ammonia breach is detected in direction of flow behind the catalytic converter by means of an ammonia sensitive sensor in the exhaust gas duct.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in whose exhaust gas region at least one SCR catalytic converter is arranged, a reagent which contributes to NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter being applied to said SCR catalytic converter, and a device for carrying out the method are proposed. A measure for the NOx current which occurs downstream of the SCR catalytic converter is both calculated and measured with an NOx sensor which has lateral sensitivity to the reagent. The difference between the calculated measure and the measured measure of the NOx current is determined. A reagent signal which defines the metering of the reagent is influenced as a function of the difference. Plausibility checking is provided, during which the reagent quantity which is metered in a predefined time period and the reagent quantity which is converted in the SCR catalytic converter and/or the converted NOx quantity are compared with one another.

Abstract: invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in the exhaust gas section of which is arranged at least one SCR catalytic converter, which is hit with a reagent that contributes to NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter, and to a device for implementing the method. At least one measure is calculated for the NOx concentration downstream after the SCR catalytic converter. An NOx sensor, which is arranged downstream after the SCR catalytic converter, generates an exhaust gas sensor signal which corresponds to at least the NOx concentration and optionally, as a result of cross sensitivity, to a reagent slip. A reagent signal, which determines the dosage of reagent, is influenced by a correction signal as a function of the difference and as a function of a measure for the temperature of the SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: A method is presented for controlling an internal combustion engine (10), which includes an exhaust gas system (12) having an exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22) that temporarily stores exhaust gas constituents and can be regenerated, wherein an expected value for a temperature of the exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22) is formed as a function of an increase in temperature, which arises as a result of exothermal reactions during the duration of an operating mode (BA2) of the internal combustion engine (10) which is set for the regeneration of said exhaust gas aftertreatment component (22), wherein the expected value is compared with an upper threshold value (T_max) and the control of said internal combustion engine (10) is changed when the threshold value (T_max) is exceeded, such that an expected value formed while taking the changed control into account does not exceed said threshold value (T_max).

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine whose exhaust area has at least one SCR catalytic converter and a device for carrying out the method are described. The SCR catalytic converter receiving the reagent supports the conversion of the raw NOx emission of the internal combustion engine. At least a measure of the NOx concentration occurring downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is calculated and this value may be used to define a metering signal for the reagent and/or a heating measure for heating the SCR catalytic converter may be initiated. According to a refinement of this arrangement, a difference between the calculated NOx concentration and the sum of the measured NOx concentration and the measured reagent concentration downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is determined, and it is possible to intervene in the determination of the metering signal depending on the difference.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in the exhaust gas section of which is arranged at least one SCR catalytic converter, which is hit with a reagent that contributes to NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter, and to a device for implementing the method. At least one measure is calculated for the NOx concentration downstream after the SCR catalytic converter. An NOx sensor, which is arranged downstream after the SCR catalytic converter, generates an exhaust gas sensor signal which corresponds to at least the NOx concentration and optionally, as a result of cross sensitivity, to a reagent slip. A reagent signal, which determines the dosage of reagent, is influenced by a correction signal as a function of the difference and as a function of a measure for the temperature of the SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in whose exhaust gas region at least one SCR catalytic converter is arranged, a reagent which contributes to NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter being applied to said SCR catalytic converter, and a device for carrying out the method are proposed. A measure for the NOx current which occurs downstream of the SCR catalytic converter is both calculated and measured with an NOx sensor which has lateral sensitivity to the reagent. The difference between the calculated measure and the measured measure of the NOx current is determined. A reagent signal which defines the metering of the reagent is influenced as a function of the difference. Plausibility checking is provided, during which the reagent quantity which is metered in a predefined time period and the reagent quantity which is converted in the SCR catalytic converter and/or the converted NOx quantity are compared with one another.

Abstract: A method for operating a catalytic converter used for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method, which provide for an open-loop or closed-loop control of the reagent fill level in the catalytic converter to a predefined storage setpoint value. The targeted stipulation of the storage setpoint value ensures, on one hand, that in non-stationary states of the internal combustion engine, there is a sufficient quantity of reagent available for the completest possible removal of at least one unwanted exhaust-gas component, and on the other hand, a reagent slip is avoided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure to monitor an exhaust gas after-treatment system of an internal combustion engine with a motor block and an exhaust gas duct, which has at least one catalytic converter, upstream from which a reagent substance necessary for the NOx reduction in the catalytic converter is introduced by means of an introduction device, whereby the reduction agent rate is increased to such an extent at defined reference operating points until an ammonia breach is detected in direction of flow behind the catalytic converter by means of an ammonia sensitive sensor in the exhaust gas duct.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in whose exhaust-gas region at least one SCR catalytic converter is disposed, which is acted upon by a reagent contributing to the NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter, and a device for implementing the method. The reagent level in the SCR catalytic converter is controlled or regulated to a predefined reagent setpoint level, which is specified to at least a maximum value, which corresponds to an SCR catalytic converter completely filled with reagent. In this way the SCR catalytic converter is always operated at the highest possible efficiency at which the highest possible NOx conversion takes place.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection device containing a hollow needle (1), a cutting needle that can be inserted into the hollow needle and that has a cutting tip projecting from the front end of the hollow needle, a catheter (9) that replaces said cutting needle and that can be inserted approximately up to its front end into the hollow needle (9), said catheter having a receiving chamber (30) for a substance in the form of a capsule on its distal end, in addition to a mandrin (29) that can be inserted into the catheter (9) and which can be placed in a position defining a receiving chamber (30) filled with capsules (22) on the distal end of said catheter, wherein the capsules (22) contained in the receiving chamber (30) of the inserted catheter (9) are released without exerting any pressure in the target area of the body (23) once the injection device has been arranged in a target area of a body (23) by relatively pulling back both the catheter (9) and the hollow needle (1) in relation to the mandrin (29) a

Abstract: Methods are provided for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine whose exhaust area has at least one SCR catalytic converter and a device for carrying out the method are described. The SCR catalytic converter receiving the reagent supports the conversion of the raw NOx emission of the internal combustion engine. At least a measure of the NOx concentration occurring downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is calculated and this value may be used to define a metering signal for the reagent and/or a heating measure for heating the SCR catalytic converter may be initiated. According to a refinement of this arrangement, a difference between the calculated NOx concentration and the sum of the measured NOx concentration and the measured reagent concentration downstream from the SCR catalytic converter is determined, and it is possible to intervene in the determination of the metering signal depending on the difference.

Abstract: A method for operating a catalytic converter used for purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method, which provide for an open-loop or closed-loop control of the reagent fill level in the catalytic converter to a predefined storage setpoint value. The targeted stipulation of the storage setpoint value ensures, on one hand, that in non-stationary states of the internal combustion engine, there is a sufficient quantity of reagent available for the completest possible removal of at least one unwanted exhaust-gas component, and on the other hand, a reagent slip is avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to capsules encapsulating cytochrome P450 producing cells and cytochrome P450 producing retroviral packaging cells. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the treatment of cancer or any other relevant disease with said capsules and to the use of said capsules for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for said treatment.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to capsules encapsulating cytochrome P450 producing cells and cytochrome P450 producing retroviral packaging cells. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the treatment of cancer or any other relevant disease with said capsules and to the use of said capsules for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for said treatment.