Abstract: A machine-implemented method creates collections of chemical structures exhibiting a certain degree of structural similarity with exemplified compounds. Specific examples are extracted from a patent. Molecular structure fingerprints are calculated for the specific examples. Markush structure topology information is obtained from a patent database. Virtual libraries are enumerated using the Markush structure topology information extracted from the database. Molecular structure fingerprint similarity of exemplified compounds is identified by comparing the fingerprints with the molecular fingerprints calculated from a randomly enumerated set of chemical compounds. A subset of randomly enumerated chemical structures, which exhibit a similarity range within a user specified similarity range with the fingerprint calculated from the exemplified compounds, is then selected.

Abstract: The invention relates to machine assisted analysis of information encoded by generic chemical structure representations, and to methods for processing these structures.

Abstract: The method for re-using recycling asphalt should take place in an environmentally friendly manner in conventional plants, it should increase the rate of re-use of recycling asphalts in the manufacture of hot asphalt aggregates and save previously newly used material, such as minerals and binder/bitumen. The degree of hardness of the bitumen in the recycling asphalt, increased by ageing, is set with a plasticiser, for which purpose the combined addition of a hardener is carried out. This plasticiser-hardener system is added to an appropriate mixture with recycling asphalts, primarily in the warm phase of the mixture.

Abstract: A screw element includes an outer radius Ra and a core radius Ri for multiscrew extruders with co-rotating and intermeshing screw shafts. The screw element has in axial cross section through its longitudinal axis a profile which has at each of the two axial end faces (i.e. a front end face and a rear end face) only one screw flight corresponding to a conventional single-start screw element for intermeshing screw shafts. In this case, the width (flight land angle ?) of the screw flight and conversely, in a corresponding way, the width (flight land angle ?) of the screw flight are formed in a special way and a shearing flight with a constant shearing flight radius Rs, which is greater than Ri, and less than Ra, is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a screw element with an outer radius Ra and a core radius Ri for multiscrew extruders with co-rotating and intermeshing screw shafts, in particular for twin-screw extruders, which has in axial cross section through its longitudinal axis (10) a profile which has at each of the two axial end faces (front end face 8, rear end face 8′) only a screw flight (1, 1′) corresponding to a conventional single-start screw element for intermeshing screw shafts. In this case, the width (flight land angle &phgr;) of the screw flight (1) and conversely, in a corresponding way, the width (flight land angle &phgr;) of the screw flight (1′) are formed in a special way and a shearing flight (7) with a constant shearing flight radius Rs, which is greater than Ri and less than Ra, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crystals of fragments of alpha 1 beta 1 integrin {“&agr;1&bgr;1”), specifically, a soluble fragment of the &agr;1 chain of &agr;1&bgr;1 integrin (143-340). The invention relates further to uses of these crystals and the coordinates thereof to design, identify, optimize or characterize chemical entities having properties of interest.