Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a corrosion-resistant article, where the article is conductive and subject to hydrogen uptake during electroplating of a coating. The method comprises electroplating a zinc/nickel coating on the article in an aqueous, basic plating solution containing zinc and nickel ions. The method uses an electrolyte in the form of a soluble hydroxide salt with the weight ratio of zinc ions to nickel ions in the solution being sufficient to provide the coating comprising from about 85% to about 95% by weight zinc, and about 5% to about 15% by weight nickel. The plating solution is substantially free of brightening agents which retard hydrogen bake-out.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a corrosion-resistant article, where the article is conductive and subject to hydrogen uptake during electroplating of a coating. The method comprises electroplating a zinc/nickel coating on the article in an aqueous, basic plating solution containing zinc and nickel ions. The method uses an electrolyte in the form of a soluble hydroxide salt with the weight ratio of zinc ions to nickel ions in the solution being sufficient to provide the coating comprising from about 85% to about 95% by weight zinc, and about 5% to about 15% by weight nickel. The plating solution is substantially free of brightening agents which retard hydrogen bake-out.

Abstract: A method for use in determining hydrogen embrittlement in a plated sample is provided. The method includes positioning the plated sample between a first holding member and a second holding member, moving the second holding member towards the first holding member to bend the plated sample, and applying a static load to the plated sample for a predetermined duration of time. The static load is applied by bending the plated sample to a distance between the first and second holding members that is a predetermined percentage of a baseline ultimate failure distance of the plated sample.

Abstract: A method for use in determining hydrogen embrittlement in a plated sample is provided. The method includes positioning the plated sample between a first holding member and a second holding member, moving the second holding member towards the first holding member to bend the plated sample, and applying a static load to the plated sample for a predetermined duration of time. The static load is applied by bending the plated sample to a distance between the first and second holding members that is a predetermined percentage of a baseline ultimate failure distance of the plated sample.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a corrosion-resistant article, where the article is conductive and subject to hydrogen uptake during electroplating of a coating. The method comprises electroplating a zinc/nickel coating on the article in an aqueous, basic plating solution containing zinc and nickel ions. The method uses an electrolyte in the form of a soluble hydroxide salt with the weight ratio of zinc ions to nickel ions in the solution being sufficient to provide the coating comprising from about 85% to about 95% by weight zinc, and about 5% to about 15% by weight nickel. The plating solution is substantially free of brightening agents which retard hydrogen bake-out.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a corrosion-resistant article, where the article is conductive and subject to hydrogen uptake during electroplating of a coating. The method comprises electroplating a zinc/nickel coating on the article in an aqueous, basic plating solution containing zinc and nickel ions. The method uses an electrolyte in the form of a soluble hydroxide salt with the weight ratio of zinc ions to nickel ions in the solution being sufficient to provide the coating comprising from about 85% to about 95% by weight zinc, and about 5% to about 15% by weight nickel. The plating solution is substantially free of brightening agents which retard hydrogen bake-out.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a corrosion-resistant article, where the article is conductive and subject to hydrogen uptake during electroplating of a coating. The method comprises electroplating a zinc/nickel coating on the article in an aqueous, basic plating solution containing zinc and nickel ions. The method uses an electrolyte in the form of a soluble hydroxide salt with the weight ratio of zinc ions to nickel ions in the solution being sufficient to provide the coating comprising from about 85% to about 95% by weight zinc, and about 5% to about 15% by weight nickel. The plating solution is substantially free of brightening agents which retard hydrogen bake-out.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining failure of a test component. The apparatus, according to a selected method, is able to determine the embrittlement potential of a selected procedure for a selected material. The apparatus is able to determine the embrittlement potential in a substantially quick and non-human fallible manner.

Abstract: An improved process that is commercially practical for forming an oxide film cobalt conversion coating exhibiting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties on a substrate, where the substrate is aluminum or aluminum alloy, the process including the steps of: (a) providing an oxide film forming cobalt conversion solution comprising an aqueous reaction solution, containing no triethanolamine (TEA), prepared by reacting the following starting materials: (1) a water soluble cobalt-II salt CoX2 where X=Cl, Br, NO3, CN, SCN, ⅓PO4, ½SO4, ½CO3, formate, or acetate; (2) a water soluble complexing agent selected from the group consisting of MeNO2, MeAc, MeFm, NH4Ac, and NH4Fm where Me is Na, K, or Li; Ac is acetate; and Fm is formate; (3) an accelerator selected from the group consisting of NaClO3, NaBrO3, and NaIO3; (4) water; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time to oxidize the surface of the substrate, whereby the oxid

Abstract: An improved process that is commercially practical for forming an oxide film cobalt conversion coating exhibiting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties on an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate (for example, aerospace and aircraft parts), the process including the steps of: (a) providing an oxide film forming cobalt conversion solution including an aqueous reaction solution, containing no triethanolamine (TEA), prepared by reacting the following starting materials: (1) a water soluble cobalt-II salt; (2) a water soluble ammonium salt; (3) a water soluble inorganic complexing agent selected from the group consisting of water soluble metal nitrites; (4) a water soluble organic complexing agent; and (5) a water soluble oxidizing agent; and (b) contacting the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time to oxidize the surface of the substrate, whereby the oxide film cobalt conversion coating is formed, thereby imparting corrosion resistance

Abstract: An improved process that is commercially practical for forming an oxide film cobalt conversion coating exhibiting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties on an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate for use in aircraft/aerospace applications (for example, an aluminmn or aluminum alloy commercial airplane part), the process comprising the steps of: (a) providing an oxide film forming cobalt conversion solution comprising an aqueous reaction solution prepared by reacting the following starting materials:(1) a cobalt-II salt;(2) an ammonium salt;(3) one or more inorganic complexing agents selected from a soluble metal carboxylate, a soluble metal nitrite, or ammonia;(4) a water soluble amine; and(5) an oxidizing agent; and(b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time to oxidize the surface of the substrate, whereby the oxide film cobalt conversion coating is formed, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties to the substrate.

Abstract: A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion reaction solution comprising an aqueous, alkaline solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.1 mole per gallon of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plating, Zn plating, Zn-Ni plating, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.6 ]X.sub.3 wherein X is Cl, Br, NO.sub.3, CN, SCN, 1/3PO.sub.4, 1/2SO.sub.4, C.sub.2 H.

Abstract: (A.) A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as magnesium and its alloys, Cd plated substrates, and Zn plated substrates. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of Me.sub.3 [Co(NO.sub.2).sub.6 ] wherein Me is one or more of Na, K, and Li. (B.) A chemical conversion coating solution for producing the cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, the solution being an aqueous solution having a pH of about 7.0 to 7.2 and containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.1 mole per gallon of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex.

Abstract: (A.) A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion solution comprising an aqueous reaction solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.01 mole per liter of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, and acetic acid; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous solution solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plating, Zn plating, Zn--Ni plating, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.6 ]X.sub.3 wherein X is Cl, Br, NO.sub.3, CN, SCN, 1/3PO.sub.4, 1/2SO.sub.

Abstract: (A.) A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion reaction solution comprising an aqueous, alkaline solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.1 mole per gallon of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plating, Zn plating, Zn--Ni plating, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.6 ]X.sub.3 wherein X is Cl, Br, NO.sub.3, CN, SCN, 1/3PO.sub.4, 1/2SO.sub.4, C.sub.

Abstract: (A) A process for forming an oxide film cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion solution comprising an aqueous reaction solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.01 mole per liter of solution to the solubility limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plated, Zn plated, Zn--Ni plated, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of Me.sub.m [Co(R).sub.6 ].sub.

Abstract: (A.) A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion solution comprising an aqueous reaction solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.01 mole per liter of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, and acetic acid; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plating, Zn plating, Zn--Ni plating, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.6 ]X.sub.3 wherein X is Cl, Br, NO.sub.3, CN, SCN, 1/3PO.sub.4, 1/2SO.sub.

Abstract: (A.) A process for forming a cobalt conversion coating on a metal substrate, thereby imparting corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties. The invention was developed as a replacement for the prior art chromic acid process. The process includes the steps of: (a) providing a cobalt conversion reaction solution comprising an aqueous, alkaline solution containing a soluble cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex, the concentration of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex being from about 0.1 mole per gallon of solution to the saturation limit of the cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex; and (b) contacting the substrate with the aqueous reaction solution for a sufficient amount of time, whereby the cobalt conversion coating is formed. The substrate may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, as well as Cd plating, Zn plating, Zn-Ni plating, and steel. The cobalt-III hexacoordinated complex may be present in the form of [Co(NH.sub.3).sub.6 ]X.sub.3 wherein X is Cl, Br, NO.sub.3, CN, SCN, Y.sub.3 PO.sub.4, SO.sub.4, C.

Abstract: A laminate of a plurality of thermosetting resin films are joined together with a thermosetting resin to impart a peel strength between films of about 1 to 3 pounds per inch of width.