Abstract: A method for operating a railway system. Cryptographic data which includes at least one key and/or at least one digital certificate is stored in a storage device of a vehicle of the railway system. The vehicle transmits the cryptographic data to at least one track-side device of the railway system when the vehicle is in communication range of the least one track-side device as part of the train travel. There is also described a corresponding rail vehicle of a railway system.

Abstract: A signal transmission system for transmitting a main process variable and further data between a field device and a superordinate unit, includes a first conversion arrangement, a second conversion arrangement and an optocoupler arrangement. The optocoupler arrangement is connected between the first conversion arrangement and the second conversion arrangement. The first conversion arrangement is configured to convert at least the further data exchanged between the field device and the superordinate unit into a data signal transmittable via the optocoupler arrangement. The optocoupler arrangement transmits the data signal between the first conversion arrangement and the second conversion arrangement. The second conversion arrangement converts the data signal to the further data and transmits it to the field device. A method transmits a main process variable and further data between a field device and a superordinate unit. In the method, at least the further data is transmitted via an optocoupler arrangement.

Abstract: A computing system has a computing device. The computing system has an input data path, which unidirectionally connects an interface device to the computing device, and an output data diode, which unidirectionally connects the computing device to the interface device. The input data path has a data lock which is connected to the interface device by a first terminal and to the computing device by a second terminal. The data lock has a storage unit for storing data and is configured such that the storage unit can be selectively connected solely to the first or second terminal but not to both terminals simultaneously. The computing device accepts data from the interface device solely if the data is transmitted to the computing device from the interface device via the input data path within a transmission session initiated by the computing device using the output data diode.

Abstract: An electrical multidirectional force sensor includes a sensor element having a sensor pin and a sensor plate and a circuit board. The sensor pin is movable in at least two actuation directions. The sensor plate is integrally connected to multiple strip-shaped support elements. Each strip-shaped support element has an end portion with an opening. The sensor plate and the strip-shaped support elements are cut free in one piece from a metal plate. The sensor plate is connected to the sensor pin to move relative to the circuit board in correspondence with movement of the sensor pin.

Abstract: A capacitive multipath force sensor module includes a movable actuator, first and second stationary capacitor plates, and a central capacitor plate connected to the actuator and positioned between the stationary plates. The central plate moves by a same amount toward one stationary plate and away from the other stationary plate when the actuator is moved. In multiple successive cycles, while the first stationary plate is held at ground, (i) the central plate and the second stationary plate are connected to a voltage and (ii) are then disconnected from the voltage with the central plate being connected to a capacitor having a known capacitance value to thereby enable a charge quantity stored on the central plate to be transferred to the capacitor. After a predefined number of cycles, a voltage of the capacitor, which is indicative of an amount of movement of the actuator, is measured.

Abstract: An axially resilient press-in contact pin includes a metal body and an electrically conductive, elastic element. The metal body includes a pin-shaped section and a press-in spring. The press-in spring is on a first end of the pin-shaped section. The elastic element surrounds at least portions of the pin-shaped section and extends beyond a second end (i.e., free end region) of the pin-shaped section.

Abstract: A computing system has a computing device. The computing system has an input data path, which unidirectionally connects an interface device to the computing device, and an output data diode, which unidirectionally connects the computing device to the interface device. The input data path has a data lock which is connected to the interface device by a first terminal and to the computing device by a second terminal. The data lock has a storage unit for storing data and is configured such that the storage unit can be selectively connected solely to the first or second terminal but not to both terminals simultaneously. The computing device accepts data from the interface device solely if the data is transmitted to the computing device from the interface device via the input data path within a transmission session initiated by the computing device using the output data diode.

Abstract: A computing system has with a computing device. The computing system has an input data path, which unidirectionally connects an interface device of the computing system to the computing device, and an output data diode, which unidirectionally connects the computing device to at least one output interface of the computing system. The input data path has a series circuit which is arranged downstream of the interface device and contains an input data diode and a data lock. The input data diode allows a transmission of data in the direction of the computing device and prevents the transmission of data in the opposite direction. The data lock has a first and a second terminal and a temporary storage unit for temporarily storing data and is configured such that the temporary storage unit can be selectively connected solely to the first or second terminal but not simultaneously to both terminals.

Abstract: A method and a device for a reaction-free and integrity-protected synchronization of log data between at least one first network and a second network is provided. The log data is copied by means of a monitoring device upon being transmitted from devices to a first log server in the first network. Metadata of the log data is additionally generated in a first managing unit, the metadata including time information, integrity information, origin information, and/or completeness information. The copied log data and the corresponding metadata are transmitted to the second network via a unidirectional coupling unit in a reaction-free manner. The lot data is checked and ordered chronologically in the second network using the metadata. Thus, a synchronized copy of the log data from the first network is promptly provided in the second network.

Abstract: Provided is a computer-implemented method and a transmission apparatus for transmitting data between a first network and a second network having high and low security requirements, wherein a first session is set up between the first and second networks, a first data packet is transmitted from a transmitting unit in the first network via a first one-way communication unit to a receiving unit in the second network, and a second session is set up and a second data packet is transmitted from a transmitting unit in the second network via a second one-way communication unit to a validation unit, the second data packet is validated in the validation unit on a prescribed rule, positive validation of the second data packet results in a third session being set up, and the second data packet is transmitted from the validation unit to a receiving unit in the first network.

Abstract: A method and a system for fault-correcting transfer of a dataset from a first network into a second network via a unidirectional communication unit, the receiving apparatus having a limited computing and main memory capacity is provided. The dataset is divided into partial datasets and are each coded by adding at least one correction mark. The marks and correction marks are decoded repeatedly in the second network, wherein marks and correction marks associated with a first encoded partial dataset are stored in a main memory, marks and correction marks associated with other encoded partial datasets are buffered in a background memory, and the first coded partial dataset is decoded, and then the previously received marks and/or correction marks of one of the other coded partial datasets are shifted from the background memory into the main memory. The dataset is reproduced from the decoded partial datasets in the second network.

Abstract: A method for supplying power to railway operating elements that are arranged along a railway line. A terminal station has a power supply device. At least one substation has a power supply subunit for at least one connected railway operating element. An input-side control unit of the substation modifies the current consumption in the substation incrementally, with corresponding modification of the voltage of the power supply subunit to match the rated voltage of the railway operating element on the substation, and producing a coded message. The control device of the terminal station modifies the output voltage according to the coded message, until the rated voltage for the railway operating element is reached on the power supply subunit. When the nominal voltage is reached the power supply subunit is connected to the railway operating element.

Abstract: A device for unidirectional transmission of data from first to second networks includes a network TAP reading data from a first subscriber of the first network to the first network and outputting read data to a second subscriber of the second network. A testing device for freedom from errors of read data includes a processor testing the read data for freedom from errors and a first digital output for a digital signal. The processor actuates the first digital output depending on the test of the read data such that the digital output outputs a first digital signal depending on the result of the test of the read data to form a feedback channel to the first subscriber by the output first digital signal to indicate the result of the test of the read data to the first subscriber. A corresponding method, network system and computer program are also provided.

Abstract: An electrical multidirectional force sensor includes a sensor element having a sensor pin and a sensor plate and a circuit board. The sensor pin is movable in at least two actuation directions. The sensor plate is integrally connected to multiple strip-shaped support elements. Each strip-shaped support element has an end portion with an opening. The sensor plate and the strip-shaped support elements are cut free in one piece from a metal plate. The sensor plate is connected to the sensor pin to move relative to the circuit board in correspondence with movement of the sensor pin.

Abstract: A method and a device for a reaction-free and integrity-protected synchronization of log data between at least one first network and a second network is provided. The log data is copied by means of a monitoring device upon being transmitted from devices to a first log server in the first network. Metadata of the log data is additionally generated in a first managing unit, the metadata including time information, integrity information, origin information, and/or completeness information. The copied log data and the corresponding metadata are transmitted to the second network via a unidirectional coupling unit in a reaction-free manner. The lot data is checked and ordered chronologically in the second network using the metadata. Thus, a synchronized copy of the log data from the first network is promptly provided in the second network.

Abstract: A method and transmission apparatus for direct and feedback-free transmission of log messages from at least one first network into a second network is provided. Log messages are transmitted individually and directly. The log messages in the first network are monitored by a monitoring device and transmitted into the second network via a one-way data transmission unit. The transmission is thus carried out feedback-free and with integrity protected. Additionally, a log server having a line loop is provided. Local messages are transmitted via the line loop and filtered, monitored by a monitoring device and transmitted directly to a second log server in the second network via the one-way data transmission unit Thus, efficient transmission of log messages into a second network for real-time analysis is achieved.

Abstract: Provided is a method for a unidirectional transfer of data from a transmitter to a receiver, having the steps of: demultiplexing the data into multiple data streams; encoding each of the data streams using a forward error correction coding; transmitting the data streams from the transmitter to the receiver via assigned communication channels; correcting a possible error in one of the received data streams on the basis of the forward error correction coding; removing the forward error correction coding from the data; and multiplexing the data.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor system for touch detection includes a sensor surface, a first sensor electrode, a second sensor electrode, and an evaluation device. The sensor electrodes are both situated on and border the sensor surface. The first sensor electrode has a first closed conductor loop and the second sensor electrode has a second closed conductor loop. The first closed conductor loop surrounds the second closed conductor loop without the closed conductor loops touching each other. Each sensor electrode generates a sensor signal that depends on a position of a touch of an object on the sensor surface relative to the closed conductor loop of the sensor electrode. The evaluation device detects the touch based on a comparison of a ratio value to a threshold value, wherein the ratio value is a ratio of (i) a difference and (ii) a sum of the sensor signals.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor system for touch detection includes a sensor surface, a first sensor electrode, a second sensor electrode, and an evaluation device. The sensor electrodes are both situated on and border the sensor surface. The first sensor electrode has a first closed conductor loop and the second sensor electrode has a second closed conductor loop. The first closed conductor loop surrounds the second closed conductor loop without the closed conductor loops touching each other. Each sensor electrode generates a sensor signal that depends on a position of a touch of an object on the sensor surface relative to the closed conductor loop of the sensor electrode. The evaluation device detects the touch based on a comparison of a ratio value to a threshold value, wherein the ratio value is a ratio of (i) a difference and (ii) a sum of the sensor signals.

Abstract: A method and a system for fault-correcting transfer of a dataset from a first network into a second network via a unidirectional communication unit, the receiving apparatus having a limited computing and main memory capacity is provided. The dataset is divided into partial datasets and are each coded by adding at least one correction mark. The marks and correction marks are decoded repeatedly in the second network, wherein marks and correction marks associated with a first encoded partial dataset are stored in a main memory, marks and correction marks associated with other encoded partial datasets are buffered in a background memory, and the first coded partial dataset is decoded, and then the previously received marks and/or correction marks of one of the other coded partial datasets are shifted from the background memory into the main memory. The dataset is reproduced from the decoded partial datasets in the second network.