Abstract: An ophthalmic examination apparatus, characterized in that the ophthalmic examination apparatus comprises at least one visual radiation source and a light manipulation arrangement, which is configured to receive light from the visible radiation source, and form light patterns from the light and direct at least one light pattern of the light patterns in a converging manner toward an pupil aperture in a pupil plane of the ophthalmic examination apparatus and locate the at least one light pattern at a non-zero radial distance from a pupil center of the pupil aperture such that a waist of the light patterns is located at the pupil plane in order to provide a person with guidance for enabling an aperture of an iris of his/her eye to approach and/or locate at the pupil aperture in the pupil plane.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprises an alignment arrangement, which outputs rays of alignment light of a first alignment pattern in a converging manner toward a first target plane, forms a predetermined reflection pattern of the first alignment pattern on said first target plane based on the convergence, causes the rays of the alignment light to have an alignment light waist zone that includes the first target plane based on the convergence, causes a reflection pattern of the first alignment pattern outside the first target plane to deviate from the predetermined reflection pattern based on the convergence.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprises an optical radiation source, which direct rays of optical radiation in a converging manner toward a reference plane, and causes the projections of the rays of optical radiation on a plane parallel to the normal of the reference plane to cross each other at a plane parallel to the reference plane and located deterministically with respect to the reference plane, the crossing forming an alignment pattern of optical radiation on said reference plane. The ophthalmic apparatus, when directed toward the eye, captures images in a direction toward the reference plane including an area, where rays of optical radiation cross, and presents information on a pattern formed by the rays of optical radiation on a surface of a person or mammal whose eye the ophthalmic apparatus is directed toward. The alignment pattern of optical radiation when projected on an iris of the eye indicates that the iris of the eye is at the reference plane.