Abstract: A system for diagnosing an additive manufacturing device is provided. The system includes one or more processors, one or more non-transitory memory modules communicatively coupled to the one or more processors and storing machine-readable instructions. The machine-readable instructions, when executed, cause the one or more processors to: determine parameters associated with at least one subsystem of the additive manufacturing device, the parameters being related to a build generated by the additive manufacturing device; compare the parameters with threshold values; and determine a failure mode, among a plurality of failure modes, associated with a subsystem of the at least one subsystem of the additive manufacturing device based on the comparison of the parameters with the threshold values.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing an additive manufacturing device is provided. The system includes a first module configured to: obtain one or more parameters for a digital twin of a component of the additive manufacturing device based on raw data from the component of the additive manufacturing device; and generate physics features for the digital twin of the component of the additive manufacturing device based on the one or more parameters and one or more transfer functions, a second module configured to obtain one or more classifiers for classifying the component as a first condition or a second condition based on physics features; and a third module configured to: determine a health of the component based on the generated physics features of the first model and the one or more classifiers.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing an additive manufacturing device is provided. The system includes a first module configured to: obtain one or more parameters for a digital twin of a component of the additive manufacturing device based on raw data from the component of the additive manufacturing device; and generate physics features for the digital twin of the component of the additive manufacturing device based on the one or more parameters and one or more transfer functions, a second module configured to obtain one or more classifiers for classifying the component as a first condition or a second condition based on physics features; and a third module configured to: determine a health of the component based on the generated physics features of the first model and the one or more classifiers.

Abstract: An electron beam source including a cathode, an anode, a means for deflecting an electron beam over a target surface and at least one vacuum pump, the electron beam source further including a contraction area arranged between the anode and the means for deflecting the electron beam where a hole in the contraction area is aligned with a hole in the anode with respect to the cathode, a first vacuum pump is arranged between the contraction area and the anode and a second vacuum pump is arranged above the anode, a gas inlet is provided between the contraction area and the means for deflecting the electron beam, wherein a first crossover of the electron beam is arranged between the cathode and the anode and a second crossover is arranged at or in close proximity to the contraction area.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing an additive manufacturing device is provided. The system includes a first module configured to: obtain one or more parameters for a digital twin of a component of the additive manufacturing device based on raw data from the component of the additive manufacturing device; and generate physics features for the digital twin of the component of the additive manufacturing device based on the one or more parameters and one or more transfer functions, a second module configured to obtain one or more classifiers for classifying the component as a first condition or a second condition based on physics features; and a third module configured to: determine a health of the component based on the generated physics features of the first model and the one or more classifiers.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods for weld tapering at a trailing edge using time multiplexing are disclosed. Systems, apparatus, and methods for control of an electron beam for welding using time multiplexing are disclosed. An example apparatus includes memory and at least one processor to execute instructions to at least: in a first portion of a line of an object being formed, control an energy beam at a first position at a first time to form a weld from a powder; and in a second portion of a line of the object being formed, control the energy beam to perform a dispersion sweep at a second position at a second time.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing an additive manufacturing device is provided. The system includes a first module configured to: obtain one or more parameters for a digital twin of a component of the additive manufacturing device based on raw data from the component of the additive manufacturing device; and generate physics features for the digital twin of the component of the additive manufacturing device based on the one or more parameters and one or more transfer functions, a second module configured to obtain one or more classifiers for classifying the component as a first condition or a second condition based on physics features; and a third module configured to: determine a health of the component based on the generated physics features of the first model and the one or more classifiers.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of using of a focus lens in additive manufacturing for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion, with a high energy beam, of parts of at least one layer of a powder bed provided on a work table, which parts correspond to successive cross sections of the three dimensional article, said method comprising the step of: using said focus lens for varying a spot size of said high energy beam on said powder bed as a function of an already fused thickness of said three-dimensional article below said powder which is to be fused. The invention is also related to a method for forming a three dimensional article.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of using of a focus lens in additive manufacturing for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion, with a high energy beam, of parts of at least one layer of a powder bed provided on a work table, which parts correspond to successive cross sections of the three dimensional article, said method comprising the step of: using said focus lens for varying a spot size of said high energy beam on said powder bed as a function of an already fused thickness of said three-dimensional article below said powder which is to be fused. The invention is also related to a method for forming a three dimensional article.

Abstract: A system for diagnosing an additive manufacturing device is provided. The system includes one or more processors, one or more non-transitory memory modules communicatively coupled to the one or more processors and storing machine-readable instructions. The machine-readable instructions, when executed, cause the one or more processors to: determine parameters associated with at least one subsystem of the additive manufacturing device, the parameters being related to a build generated by the additive manufacturing device; compare the parameters with threshold values; and determine a failure mode, among a plurality of failure modes, associated with a subsystem of the at least one subsystem of the additive manufacturing device based on the comparison of the parameters with the threshold values.

Abstract: A method for detecting electron beam filament wear in an electron beam source, the method comprising the steps of: enlarging a beam spot emanating from the electron beam source on a work table to a predetermined minimum size, capturing an image of the beam spot on the work table by a camera, comparing the captured image of the beam spot with a reference image, and detecting filament wear if the captured image is deviating more than a predetermined value from the reference image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for prolonging lifetime of a triod electron beam source when forming a three-dimensional article through successively depositing individual layers of powder material that are fused together so as to form the article, the method comprising the steps of: adjusting a cathode heating power at a predetermined value above a threshold heating value, which threshold heating value creates a predetermined X-ray signal emanating from the triod electron beam source, fusing the three-dimensional article with the electron beam source having the cathode heating power at a predetermined value above a threshold heating value.

Abstract: Provided is an electron beam source for generating an electron beam comprising a cathode, an anode and a grid for regulating an electron beam current. The cathode has a base and a protrusion with sidewalls and a top surface. The base surface and the top surface are essentially flat. The base surface and the top surface are arranged at a predetermined distance from each other. The base is larger than the protrusion. The electron beam source further comprising a control unit adapted for changing an applied voltage to the grid for switching a spot size of the electron beam on a target surface between at least a first a first spot size corresponding to emission from the top surface of the cathode only and to a second spot size corresponding to emission from the top surface and the base surface of the cathode.

Abstract: An electron beam source comprising a cathode, an anode, a means for deflecting an electron beam over a target surface and at least one vacuum pump, the electron beam source further comprising a contraction area arranged between the anode and the means for deflecting the electron beam where a hole in the contraction area is aligned with a hole in the anode with respect to the cathode, a first vacuum pump is arranged between the contraction area and the anode and a second vacuum pump is arranged above the anode, a gas inlet is provided between the contraction area and the means for deflecting the electron beam, wherein a first crossover of the electron beam is arranged between the cathode and the anode and a second crossover is arranged at or in close proximity to the contraction area.

Abstract: A method for detecting electron beam filament wear in an electron beam source, the method comprising the steps of: enlarging a beam spot emanating from the electron beam source on a work table to a predetermined minimum size, capturing an image of the beam spot on the work table by a camera, comparing the captured image of the beam spot with a reference image, and detecting filament wear if the captured image is deviating more than a predetermined value from the reference image.

Abstract: A computer program product is configured for forming at least one three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed, which parts correspond to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article, by: providing a model of the at least one three-dimensional article; applying a first powder layer on a work table; directing a first energy beam from a first energy beam source over the work table causing the first powder layer to fuse in first selected locations according to corresponding models to form a first cross section of the three-dimensional article, where the first energy beam is fusing at least a first region of a first cross section with parallel scan lines in a first direction; varying a distance between two adjacent scan lines, which are used for fusing the powder layer, as a function of a mean length of the two adjacent scan lines.

Abstract: A computer program product is configured for forming at least one three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed, which parts correspond to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article, by: providing a model of the at least one three-dimensional article; applying a first powder layer on a work table; directing a first energy beam from a first energy beam source over the work table causing the first powder layer to fuse in first selected locations according to corresponding models to form a first cross section of the three-dimensional article, where the first energy beam is fusing at least a first region of a first cross section with parallel scan lines in a first direction; varying a distance between two adjacent scan lines, which are used for fusing the powder layer, as a function of a mean length of the two adjacent scan lines.

Abstract: A method for forming at least one three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a powder bed, which parts correspond to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article, the method comprising the steps of: providing a model of the at least one three-dimensional article; applying a first powder layer on a work table; directing a first energy beam from a first energy beam source over the work table causing the first powder layer to fuse in first selected locations according to corresponding models to form a first cross section of the three-dimensional article, where the first energy beam is fusing at least a first region of a first cross section with parallel scan lines in a first direction; varying a distance between two adjacent scan lines, which are used for fusing the powder layer, as a function of a mean length of the two adjacent scan lines.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a metal powder bed, which parts corresponds to successive cross sections of the three-dimensional article, the method comprising the steps of: directing the at least one electron beam from the at least one electron beam source over a work table causing a powder layer to fuse in selected locations to form a first cross section of the three-dimensional article, preheating, with the at least one electron beam, an area of non-fused powder to a temperature within a predetermined temperature range a predetermined distance in Z-direction before the area is to be fused, where the area times the distance in z-direction is defining a preheating volume of non-fused powder when the three dimensional article is finished.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of locations of a powder bed. The method comprising: providing a model of said three-dimensional article; applying a powder layer on a work table; determining a maximum scan length of an energy beam; directing said energy beam from a first energy beam source over said work table with constant energy causing said first powder layer to fuse in first selected locations according to said model to form a first cross section of said three-dimensional article, wherein locations with a shorter scan length than said maximum scan length is provided with a time sink before and/or after said scan line so that the time period between each two adjacent scan lines is constant throughout the manufacture of said three-dimensional article.