Abstract: The invention relates to a medical system comprising a tool including: a body; a location measurement device adapted to emit an ultrasound location signal and receive a reflected location signal; a location processing device adapted to compare each of the echoes of the reflected location signal to a pre-determined location threshold, emit an information signal if no target location echo corresponding to the interface between first and second anatomical structures has been identified within an analysis time window, the target location echo having an amplitude that exceeds the location threshold.

Abstract: Adapters for surgical drilling systems, and methods of use, are provided for performing surgical procedures, such as surgical drilling into bony structures, while guided by a conductivity sensing system. The adapters may be configured to be coupled to a surgical drilling tool such as a conventional surgical drill and a drill bit having conductivity sensing capabilities, or a surgical hand tool having conductivity sensing capabilities. The adapters further include a controller configured to receive one or more signal indicative of measured electrical conductivity and/or penetration depth measurement, detect a condition associated with a change of measured electrical conductivity based on the signal, and arrest advancement of the surgical drilling tool responsive to detection of the condition.

Abstract: A medical device for penetrating a bone structure including a processing unit having a transfer function that associates an electrical conductivity value S with a depth value d, wherein the processing unit is configured to detect a threshold selected from amongst an absolute threshold, a relative threshold and a critical gradient, and to emit a warning signal and/or control signal responsive to detection of the threshold.

Abstract: A medical system comprising: a robotic arm, a control unit configured to issue a control signal, a medical device intended to penetrate an anatomical structure, the medical device being configured to emit a warning signal which varies as a function of a variable electrical characteristic of the anatomical structure, said medical device comprising a body with first and second electrodes, an electric generator suitable for applying at least one measurement electric current between the first and second electrodes, and a processing device suitable for determining a measurement parameter related to the electrical characteristic, based on said at least one measurement electric current, and for emitting the warning signal corresponding to the measurement parameter, wherein the control unit is configured to issue the control signal as a function of the warning signal.

Abstract: Systems, instruments, and methods are provided verifying the surgery is being performed in accordance with a surgical plan, wherein a surgical tool having a sensor outputs a data signal that enables the trajectory of the surgical tool to be displayed as an overlay on an image of an anatomical portion of a patient and a visual or audible signal that confirms the surgical tool is penetrating the anatomical portion in accordance with the surgical plan and/or that issues an alert indicating that the surgical tool is not being inserted into the anatomical portion according to the surgical plan.

Abstract: Systems, instruments, and methods are provided verifying that a robotic surgery is being performed in accordance with a surgical plan, wherein a surgical tool having a sensor outputs a data signal that enables the trajectory of the surgical tool to be displayed as an overlay on an image of an anatomical portion of a patient and a visual or audible signal that confirms the surgical tool is penetrating the anatomical portion in accordance with the surgical plan and/or that issues an alert indicating that the surgical tool is not being inserted into the anatomical portion according to the surgical plan.

Abstract: A medical system including a body; a first electrode; a second electrode; an electric generator; and a processing device suitable for determining an electrical characteristic that represents the capacity of the tissue of an anatomical structure between first and second contact surfaces of the first and second electrodes to conduct the electric current, and for emitting a warning signal corresponding to the determined electrical characteristic, the warning signal being intermittent. The processing device is suitable for detecting a variation in the electrical characteristic and for varying at least one variable parameter of the warning signal after a time delay, in accordance with the variation in the electrical characteristic, has elapsed.

Abstract: Systems, instruments, and methods are provided verifying that a robotic surgery is being performed in accordance with a surgical plan, wherein a surgical tool having a sensor outputs a data signal that enables the trajectory of the surgical tool to be displayed as an overlay on an image of an anatomical portion of a patient and a visual or audible signal that confirms the surgical tool is penetrating the anatomical portion in accordance with the surgical plan and/or that issues an alert indicating that the surgical tool is not being inserted into the anatomical portion according to the surgical plan.

Abstract: A medical system comprising: a robotic arm, a control unit configured to issue a control signal, a medical device intended to penetrate an anatomical structure, the medical device being configured to emit a warning signal which varies as a function of a variable electrical characteristic of the anatomical structure, said medical device comprising a body with first and second electrodes, an electric generator suitable for applying at least one measurement electric current between the first and second electrodes, and a processing device suitable for determining a measurement parameter related to the electrical characteristic, based on said at least one measurement electric current, and for emitting the warning signal corresponding to the measurement parameter, wherein the control unit is configured to issue the control signal as a function of the warning signal.

Abstract: A device to monitor penetration of an instrument in an anatomical structure including at least two electrodes, a source of current supplying the at least two electrodes, and means for measuring impedance between the electrodes, wherein the electrodes are located on the penetration instrument, wherein the first electrode has a contact surface coinciding with a distal surface of the penetration instrument and the second electrode has a contact surface coinciding with a lateral surface of the penetration instrument, and wherein the contact surfaces are dimensioned to have a coinciding and constant contact surface as a function of a degree of penetration of the penetration instrument in the anatomical structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medical system including: a body; a first electrode; a second electrode; an electric generator; and a processing device suitable for determining an electrical characteristic that represents the capacitance of the tissue of an anatomical structure between first and second contact surfaces of the first and second electrodes to conduct the electric current, and for emitting a warning signal corresponding to the determined electrical characteristic, the warning signal being intermittent. In said medical system, the processing device is suitable for detecting a variation in the electrical characteristic and for varying at least one variable parameter of the warning signal after a time delay, in accordance with the variation in the electrical characteristic, has elapsed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the consolidation of a bone structure, comprising: a system for determining the quality of the bone structure, including a body, first and second electrodes arranged on the body, an electric generator for applying an electric current, a measurement device for measuring the electric current, and a processing device for determining an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and for delivering a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure, using the determined electrical magnitude; and a device selected from between an electrical stimulation device for applying an electric bone-growth stimulation and a fixation device for immobilizing the bone structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system comprising: a view measurement device adapted to emit an ultrasound view signal and receive a reflected view signal; a view processing device adapted to detect, in the reflected view signal, a target view echo corresponding to an interface between first and second anatomical structures, to measure a flight time between the emission of an ultrasound view signal and the detection of the target view echo, and to represent an external surface of the first anatomical structure from the measured flight times.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for determining the quality of a bone structure, comprising: a body adapted for drilling through the bone structure; a first electrode arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure during drilling; a second electrode arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure at a distance from the first electrode during drilling; an electric generator adapted to apply an electric current between the first and second electrodes for a pre-determined period of time; a measuring device adapted (i) to measure the electric current, continuously and over the pre-determined period, an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and (ii) to deliver, continuously and over the pre-determined period, a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure between the contact surfaces of the first and second electrodes, using the determined electrical magnitude.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the consolidation of a bone structure, comprising: a system for determining the quality of the bone structure, including a body, first and second electrodes arranged on the body, an electric generator for applying an electric current, a measurement device for measuring the electric current, and a processing device for determining an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and for delivering a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure, using the determined electrical magnitude; and a device selected from between an electrical stimulation device for applying an electric bone-growth stimulation and a fixation device for immobilising the bone structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for determining the quality of a bone structure, comprising: a body adapted for drilling through the bone structure; a first electrode arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure during drilling; a second electrode arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure at a distance from the first electrode during drilling; an electric generator adapted to apply an electric current between the first and second electrodes for a pre-determined period of time; a measuring device adapted (i) to measure the electric current, continuously and over the pre-determined period, an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and (ii) to deliver, continuously and over the pre-determined period, a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure between the contact surfaces of the first and second electrodes, using the determined electrical magnitude.

Abstract: An implant for placement in an anatomical structure includes at least two electrodes separated by an insulator, the electrodes being flush with the surface of the implant to allow the implant to be followed up and guided during insertion in the anatomical structure.

Abstract: An exploration device to monitor the penetration of an instrument in an anatomic structure including at least two electrodes; a source of voltage supplying the at least two electrodes; a means for measuring impedance between the electrodes; a means of angular location formed by at least one electrode punctually coinciding with a peripheral surface of the penetration instrument, the coinciding surface of the electrode having a position set off from a longitudinal axis the instrument; and means for detecting a position of the at least one electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device that can be used to monitor the penetration of a penetration member into anatomical structures and, in particular, bone structures of a living body, the structures having at least two different electrical impedance areas. The device is characterized in that it comprises: at least one impedance meter which can be connected to at least two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being located at a distal end of the penetration member; and at least one alert device which can produce an alert signal if the impedance meter detects an impedance variation. The invention also relates to a penetration member for the device and to an electronic board for the device.

Abstract: A device to monitor penetration of an instrument in an anatomical structure including at least two electrodes, a source of current supplying the at least two electrodes, and means for measuring impedance between the electrodes, wherein the electrodes are located on the penetration instrument, wherein the first electrode has a contact surface coinciding with a distal surface of the penetration instrument and the second electrode has a contact surface coinciding with a lateral surface of the penetration instrument, and wherein the contact surfaces are dimensioned to have a coinciding and constant contact surface as a function of a degree of penetration of the penetration instrument in the anatomical structure.