Abstract: A storage device includes a storage medium and a probe to read from and write to the storage medium. The storage medium has a plurality of storage regions, where each storage region contains information to identify whether another storage region is defective.

Abstract: A memory device comprises a magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM), a cache comprising a volatile memory, and a decoder configured to translate referenced addresses to physical addresses to access data and pass the data between the MRAM and the cache and between the cache and a controller.

Abstract: A memory device comprises a main controller including a host interface and a device interface, a first plurality of arrays of magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) cells, a first device controller coupled to the device interface and the first plurality of arrays, a second plurality of arrays of MRAM cells, and a second device controller coupled to the device interface and the second plurality of arrays. The first device controller is configured to communicate with the device interface to pass first data between the first plurality of arrays and the host interface, and wherein the second device controller is configured to communicate with the device interface to pass second data between the second plurality of arrays and the host interface.

Abstract: A memory card comprising a first modular component that comprises a first host interface and a first host interface module and a device interface module configured to operate a device interface that is coupled to a storage device. The first host interface module is configured to call a function in the device interface module. The first modular component is replaceable with a second modular component that comprises a second host interface and a second host interface module, and the second host interface module is configured to call the function in the device interface module.