Abstract: In transmission systems whereby data packets of a single type and having a fixed structure are used to transmit a given type of information, the invention optimizes the transmission by utilizing data packets of the same type to transmit information of different types and by differentiating the information transmitted in such packets by the rate of re-transmission thereof. In an application of the invention to RDS systems, the block PS is used to transmit both the program service name, as usual, and the radio text, and arrangements are made for the rate of re-transmission of the service name to be high and that of the text to be low, or possibly zero.

Abstract: In transmission systems whereby data packets of a single type and having a fixed structure are used to transmit a given type of information, the invention optimizes the transmission by utilizing data packets of the same type to transmit information of different types and by differentiating the information transmitted in such packets by the rate of re-transmission thereof. In an application of the invention to RDS systems, the block PS is used to transmit both the program service name, as usual, and the radio text, and arrangements are made for the rate of re-transmission of the service name to be high and that of the text to be low, or possibly zero.

Abstract: The method of adjusting the volume and the loudness in an audio device uses a volume-control unit for attenuating an audio signal by a predetermined value and a loudness-control unit for attenuating, by a further predetermined value, every component of the audio signal when in an inactive state and only the high-frequency components when in an active state. The method includes the steps of setting a volume level, associating a first and a second attenuation value with the volume level set, attenuating the audio signal by the first value and by the second value by means of the volume-control unit and the loudness-control unit, respectively, and switching the loudness-control unit selectively between the active state and the inactive state.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling frequency and/or phase response characteristic of a signal amplification system or channel has a serial architecture composed of a plurality of cells and a selector for deriving the signal after any one of the cascaded cells. At least one component of the RC network of each cell is in the form of a plurality of elements connected in series, each of the elements having a value which is a fraction of the design value of the component. A short-circuiting switch is associated with each element; the overall effect may be chosen by selecting the derivation node of the output signal and a certain configuration of the short-circuiting switches of the RC networks of the various cells. An outstanding flexibility of selection is achieved.