Abstract: The present disclosure provides, for example, vaccine compositions comprising an mRNA molecule and a double stranded DNA molecule. The DNA molecule may be hemi-modified. The mRNA molecule and DNA molecule may encode the same or similar immunogen. In some embodiments, the combination of the mRNA molecule and the DNA molecule evokes a stronger immune response than either one alone. Methods of making and using the vaccine compositions are also described.

Abstract: The disclosure provides, for example, a targeted lipid nanoparticle composition comprising a lipid nanoparticle, a targeting moiety on the surface of the lipid nanoparticle, wherein the targeting moiety binds a T cell antigen, and a double stranded DNA molecule comprising an effector sequence that encodes an effector. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety comprises an antibody. In some embodiments, the effector comprises a polypeptide. In some embodiments, the double stranded DNA molecule comprises chemically modified nucleobases in its sense strand, and the antisense strand is free of chemically modified nucleobases.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to multicomponent assemblies (e.g., crystalline structures) using oligonucleotide dendrimers and spherical nucleic acids (SNAs). The disclosure also provides methods of forming the multicomponent assemblies.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) comprising a nanoparticle core and an oligonucleotide dendron attached thereto. The disclosure also provides methods of using the SNAs for, for example, gene regulation and immune regulation.

Abstract: Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs) are chemically well-defined nanoscale architectures comprised of nucleic acids densely arranged around a spherical nanoparticle core in a highly oriented fashion. SNAs are highly modular structures produced by chemical synthesis and programmed assembly, allowing for their rapid modification to incorporate novel viral antigens. The present disclosure provides a SNA comprising (a) a nanoparticle core; (b) a shell of oligonucleotides attached to the external surface of the nanoparticle core, the shell of oligonucleotides comprising one or more immunostimulatory oligonucleotides; and (c) a viral antigen encapsulated in the nanoparticle core.