Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor device which includes a packaged electrical component such as an IC chip, wherein terminal posts are realized within the chip area without additional wafer surface being required beyond the chip edge. A direct feedthrough of the individual electrical connections by way of downwardly extending terminal posts that are connected to bonding pads at the top of the chip results in a small lead length and thus lesser parasitic influences, which in turn results in optimum conditions for use at super-high frequencies. Furthermore, a process for making the semiconductor device offers the option of forming deep vertical trenches on the chip edge and to thus implement separation etching for dicing. During this process, the coverage of the side surface with encapsulating material effects a passivation on the chip edge without further outlay. Expensive rewiring of the connections on the bottom side of the chip is not necessarily due to the terminal posts.

Abstract: A method for producing an aerosol stream, particularly an aerosol stream suitable for the production of a preform for an optical fiber. At least two gas phase reactants are reacted in a reaction chamber to form the aerosol stream. Undesirable deposition of liqid or solid reaction products, particularly at the point of entry into the reaction chamber, is avoided by the addition of at least one gas phase product to at least one of the gas phase reactants.

Abstract: A process for producing an aerosol stream, which is conducted through an essentially aerosol-free vapor and/or gas stream to prevent undesirable precipitation of particles contained in the aerosol stream, is augmented by additionally employing thermophoresis. For this purpose, the vapor and/or gas stream is heated to a temperature which is higher than the temperature of the aerosol stream. Thermophoresis then causes the particles to be held within the aerosol stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a directed aerosol stream from gaseous and/or vapor phase reactants by conveying the reactants to a reaction site, reacting the reactants at the reaction site in a flame free chemical reaction to produce an aerosol composition, and causing the aerosol composition to flow from the reaction site and immediately surrounding the aerosol composition with a moving, essentially aerosol free gas and/or vapor stream to form a directed aerosol stream enveloped in the aerosol free stream, in which the step of conveying includes conducting each reactant through a respective distributor and then through a discharge element having a substantially higher flow resistance than the distributor in a substantially vertical upward direction to the reaction site, and the step of causing is carried out so that the aerosol composition flows in a substantially vertical upward direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a directed aerosol stream by a flame free reaction which is conducted while enveloped within an aerosol free gas and/or vapor stream. It is particularly suitable for use in coating systems, as it permits economical coating without so-called wall deposits.

Abstract: A method of producing a preform for light waveguides wherein glass-forming chlorides, e.g. SiCl.sub.4 and/or GeCl.sub.4, are reacted with water vapor to form a glass forming layer, e.g. SiO.sub.2 soot. This reaction advantageously takes place at relatively low temperatures, e.g. 20.degree. C.-800.degree. C. Surprisingly, almost no SiO.sub.2 deposition takes place on higher heated surfaces, e.g. in the reaction chamber. Elimination of annoying OH.sup.- ions is possible.

Abstract: A method of measuring ion concentrations in solutions comprises using at least two ion sensitive test electrodes in the solution to be measured, the test electrodes having different sensitivities only in respect of the ion or ion mixture to be measured, setting the operating point of the test electrodes by means of at least one common reference electrode, and evaluating the signals of the test electrodes to produce a measurement result essentially independent of the properties of the reference and test electrodes which would interfere with accurate measurement.The invention also includes apparatus suitable for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method of doping a semiconductor body comprises applying to a surface of the semiconductor body a layer through which the doping material can diffuse and provide the layer with a reducing agent to reduce the doping material to its elemental form at areas where doping is not required.